Table 2.

Model fitting results for all the studied models

Temporality	PD variable	Biometric Mediation model AIC	EIV Mediation model AIC	Cholesky model AIC	PK-L best
SLEs → PDs → AUD	Antisocial PD	−5592.02	−5592.45	−5587.58	0.919
	Borderline PD	−2818.79	−2820.2	−2821.82	0.308
	Conduct disorder	−7427.99	−7431.82	−7426.05	0.947
	Impulsivity	−7015.5	−7021.92	−7013.14	0.988
	Failure to conform	−8441.89	−8446.2	−8437.01	0.990
PDs → SLEs → AUD	Antisocial PD	−6610.9	−6613.25	−6610.49	0.799
	Borderline PD	−3820.46	−3824.8	−3829.04	0.107
	Conduct disorder	−8444.46	−8445.12	−8441.5	0.859
	Impulsivity	−8055.36	−8059.96	−8053.07	0.969
	Failure to conform	−9478.97	−9481.16	−9472.86	0.984

Note: temporality refers to relative timing of the recorded stressful life events (SLEs), personality disorder (PD) traits, and alcohol use disorder (AUD), and “AIC” refers to Akaike’s Information Criterion (lower value indicates better fit). “EIV” refers to an “error-in-variables” version of the biometric mediation model that removes the effects of pre-estimated amount of measurement error. P_{K-L best} is the probability that the EIV-mediation model is the (Kullback-Leibler) best model when comparing to the Cholesky. Regarding “PD variables”, antisocial and borderline PD refer to DSM-IV criterion counts as the PD trait, whereas “impulsivity” refers to underlying liability to self-harming impulsive behaviors as defined in criterion #4 of borderline PD, “failure to conform” refers to liability to violate social norms with respect to lawful behavior as defined in criterion #1 of antisocial PD, and “conduct disorder” refers to childhood conduct disorder, a prerequisite of antisocial PD diagnosis.