Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics, caries prevalence and perfluoroalkyl substance concentrations (ng/mL) by sociodemographic, environmental and health factors of 2869 aged 12–19-year-old US adolescents (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2012)

Covariates	N (%) with >1 caries	Perfluorooctanoic acid median (25th, 75th)	Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid median (25th, 75th)	Perfluorononanoic acid median (25th, 75th)	Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid median (25th, 75th)
Overall	1644 (59)	3.1 (2.1, 4.4)	11.0 (5.9, 17)	0.9 (0.6, 1.2)	1.7 (0.9, 3.6)
Sex
Male	824 (56)	4.0 (2.7, 5.5)	15.0 (8, 25)	1.0 (0.6, 1.3)	2.1 (1.1, 4.2)
Female	820 (63)	3.1 (2.1, 4.4)	12.0 (6.7, 20)	0.7 (0.5, 1.1)	1.5 (0.8, 3)
Race
Mexican American	591 (67)	3.2 (2.2, 4.6)	12.0 (6.8, 20)	0.6 (0.4, 1)	1.4 (0.8, 2.8)
Other Hispanic	118 (60)	3.1 (2.2, 4.7)	8.0 (4.6, 16)	0.9 (0.6, 1.3)	1.1 (0.6, 2.3)
Non-Hispanic white	408 (57)	3.9 (2.7, 5.3)	15.0 (8.5, 25)	0.9 (0.6, 1.3)	2.6 (1.3, 5.1)
Non-Hispanic black	429 (53)	3.6 (2.3, 5.2)	15.0 (8.7, 25)	0.9 (0.6, 1.2)	2.0 (1.1, 3.9)
Other non-Hispanic race	98 (58)	2.7 (2, 4.1)	9.5 (4.9, 19)	0.9 (0.6, 1.2)	1.6 (0.7, 3.3)
Age
12	164 (48)	3.7 (2.5, 5.0)	14.0 (7.1, 26)	0.8 (0.5, 1.2)	2.0 (1.1, 4.3)
13	187 (50)	3.4 (2.3, 5.0)	13.0 (5.9, 23)	0.8 (0.5, 1.2)	1.7 (0.9, 3.6)
14	200 (58)	3.2 (2.3, 4.5)	12.0 (6.8, 22)	0.9 (0.6, 1.2)	1.8 (1.0, 3.4)
15	187 (58)	3.2 (2.3, 4.7)	14.0 (7.3, 21)	0.8 (0.5, 1.1)	2.0 (0.9, 3.6)
16	207 (60)	3.6 (2.3, 5.0)	13.0 (7.4, 23)	0.7 (0.5, 1.2)	1.9 (0.9, 3.7)
17	218 (65)	3.8 (2.5, 5.3)	14.0 (8.2, 24)	0.8 (0.6, 1.3)	1.8 (1.0, 3.9)
18	255 (70)	3.4 (2.3, 5.2)	14.0 (8.1, 22)	0.8 (0.5, 1.1)	1.6 (0.8, 3.6)
19	226 (67)	3.4 (2.3, 5.1)	13.0 (7.3, 22)	0.8 (0.6, 1.2)	1.7 (0.9, 3.6)
Family poverty to income ratio
<1	668 (63)	3.2 (2.2, 4.7)	12 (6.2, 20)	0.8 (0.5, 1.1)	1.6 (0.8, 3.1)
1–1.85	388 (62)	3.4 (2.3, 4.9)	14 (7.0, 22)	0.8 (0.5, 1.2)	1.8 (0.9, 3.6)
>1.85	588 (54)	3.8 (2.6, 5.3)	15 (8.7, 25)	0.9 (0.6, 1.3)	2.1 (1.1, 4.3)
Education level of respondent
<High school	593 (63)	3.3 (2.3, 4.7)	12.0 (6.8, 20)	0.7 (0.4, 1.1)	1.4 (0.8, 2.9)
High school	403 (61)	3.6 (2.3, 5.1)	14.0 (7.4, 24)	0.8 (0.6, 1.2)	1.9 (1.0, 3.7)
>High school	576 (55)	3.7 (2.5, 5.2)	14.0 (7.5, 24)	0.9 (0.6, 1.2)	2.2 (1.1, 4.5)
Serum cotinine (ng/mL)
<0.05	651 (55)	3.4 (2.3, 4.9)	14.0 (7.6, 23)	0.8 (0.5, 1.2)	1.7 (0.9, 3.6)
0.05 to <3	690 (60)	3.5 (2.3, 4.9)	12.0 (6.9, 23)	0.8 (0.5, 1.2)	1.9 (1.0, 3.7)
>3	303 (70)	3.8 (2.5, 5.5)	13.0 (7.2, 21)	0.8 (0.6, 1.2)	2.0 (1.1, 4.4)
Blood lead (µg/dL)
<0.69	537 (57)	2.8 (1.9, 4.2)	9.7 (5.2, 17)	0.8 (0.6, 1.2)	1.7 (0.8, 3.3)
0.7 to 1.10	544 (59)	3.7 (2.5, 5.2)	14.0 (8.4, 23)	0.9 (0.6, 1.3)	1.9 (1.0, 3.9)
>1.11	563 (62)	4.0 (2.8, 5.6)	16.0 (9.5, 26)	0.7 (0.4, 1.1)	2.0 (1.0, 4.0)