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. 2019 Feb 15;9:2153. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39193-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Action potentials and high-voltage-activated calcium channels are blocked by chlorantraniliprole. (A) Calcium action potentials in current-clamp (top trace) are decreased in amplitude after exposure to chlorantraniliprole 10 µM in muscle cells. (B) The amplitude of the current through voltage-gated calcium channels (CaVs) is decreased by chlorantraniliprole (voltage ramps obtained under voltage-clamp in a muscle cell). (C) Dose-dependent blockade of CaVs (mean ± SEM, n = 6–13 per concentration) in neurons (open diamond) and muscle cells (black squares). DMSO concentration was 0.1% in all conditions except at 30 and 200 µM, were DMSO was increased to 1.5 and 5%, respectively, to overcome the low water solubility of the insecticide.