Table 1. Participant characteristics (n = 541) .
| Characteristics | Caregiver | Care recipient |
| No. (%) or M (SD) | No. (%) or M (SD) | |
| Age (y) | 59.35 (12.03) | 71.36 (15.72) |
| Gender (male) | 178 (32.90%) | 330 (61.0%) |
| Years of education | 7.23 (5.08) | 3.12 (0.86) |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | 167 (30.87%) | 10 (1.85%) |
| Married | 260 (48.06%) | 302 (55.82%) |
| Widowed | 114 (21.07%) | 229 (42.33%) |
| Accommodation | ||
| Rural | 92 (17.0 %) | 124 (22.92%) |
| Urban | 449 (83.0%) | 417 (77.08%) |
| Relationship to care recipient | ||
| Spouse | 173 (31.98%) | - |
| Child | 331 (61.18 %) | - |
| Others | 37 (6.84 %) | - |
| Occupation | ||
| Employed | 238 (43.99 %) | - |
| Retired | 97 (17.93%) | 416 (76.89%) |
| Never been employed or others | 206 (38.08%) | 125 (23.10%) |
| No. of comorbiditiesc | ||
| None | 373 (68.94%) | - |
| One | 86 (15.90%) | 114 (21.07 %) |
| Two | 54 (9.98%) | 351 (64.88%) |
| Three or more | 28 (5.18 %) | 76 (14.05%) |
| Duration of caregiving (months) | 48.62(15.93) | - |
| Hours per week of care | 64.32(18.73) | - |
| Mini mental state examination | - | 17.60(5.26) |
| ZBI | 29.31(10.89) | - |
| Anxietya | 8.73 (4.45) | - |
| Depressiona | 7.12 (5.01) | - |
| RSES | 20.14(3.21) | |
| MSPSS | 58.31(11.76) | |
| Physical-health composite summaryb | 63.01(7.12) | - |
| Mental-health composite summaryb | 50.92(6.18) | - |
Abbreviations: MSPSS, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; ZBI, Zarit Burden Interview; RSES, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.
a Measured using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
b Measured using Short-Form 12.
cHypertension, coronary disease, diabetes mellitus, etc.