Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of 80 Patients with Focal and Segmental Idiopathic Dystonia and 80 Control Subjects.
| Patients | Control Subjects | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Total | ||
| Number | 80 | 80 | – |
| Gender (M/F) | 29/51 | 29/51 | – |
| Age (years) | 58.8±14.2 | 56.5±13.3 | 0.298 |
| Schooling (years) | 9.1±6.1 | 9.5±4.8 | 0.550 |
| % with comorbidities | 51.2 | 68.7a | 0.024 |
| % with use of benzodiazepines | 18.7 | 11.2 | 0.184 |
| % with use of antidepressants | 23.7a | 11.2 | 0.038 |
| Duration of disease (years) | 12.8±9.7 | – | – |
| Age at disease presentation | 45.8±13.3 | – | – |
| FMDRS scores | 5.5±3.3 | – | – |
| MMSE | 25.90±3.16 | 26.55±2.93 | 0.180 |
| BDI | 12.64±10.83a | 9.05±7.32 | 0.015 |
| BAI | 10.40±9.22a | 6.33±8.86 | 0.005 |
| AS | 13.89±8.37a | 10.08±6.62 | 0.002 |
| SPIN | 17.98±13.63 | 14.33±12.02 | 0.074 |
| ESS | 7.89±4.72 | 8.85±4.82 | 0.204 |
| PSQI | 7.51±4.1a | 5.91±4.17 | 0.017 |
| Pain, NVS scores | 6.6±2.5a | 5.3±2.4 | 0.018 |
| % with pain | 80a | 50 | 0.001 |
| WHOQOL-BREF | |||
| Total | 63.9±15.5a | 70.2±13.3 | 0.007 |
| Physical | 62.7±17.1a | 73.0±17.2 | 0.001 |
| Psychological | 64.9±20.7a | 71.5±16.4 | 0.037 |
| Social relationships | 68.6±47.4 | 71.5±17.2 | 0.606 |
| Environmental | 64.2±14.4 | 64.8±15.1 | 0.780 |
Abbreviations: AS, Apathy Scale; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; FMDRS, Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; NVS, Numeric Visual Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SPIN, Social Phobia Inventory; WHOQOL-BREF, World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale.
Data were compared using analysis of variance and chi-square.
a
Different from the other group (p ≤ 0.05).