Table 2. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Subgroups of Patients with Focal and Segmental Idiopathic Dystonia and 80 Control Subjects.
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | dF | F | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 28 | 28 | 24 | 80 | |||
| Gender (M/F) | 23/5 | 20/8 | 8/16a | 29/51 | 0.002 | ||
| Age (years) | 66.6±9.1a | 57.0±13.1 | 51.7±16.1 | 56.5±13.3 | 0.001 | ||
| Schooling (years) | 5.1±5.6a | 10.5±6.5 | 11.9±3.6 | 9.5±4.8 | 0.001 | ||
| MMSE | 26.1±0.6 | 26.1±0.5 | 26.5±0.5 | 26.5±0.3 | 3 | 0.259 | 0.854 |
| BDI | 16.8±2.3 | 10.4±1.8 | 9.4±1.9 | 8.7±1.0 | 3 | 3.348 | 0.021a |
| BAI | 12.2±2.2 | 10.1±1.8 | 6.2±1.9 | 5.6±1.0 | 3 | 3.373 | 0.020a |
| AS | 16.2±1.9 | 14.1±1.6 | 11.1±1.6 | 10.2±0.8 | 3 | 3.486 | 0.017a |
| SPIN | 15.6±3.2 | 18.3±2.6 | 13.6±2.8 | 13.8±1.5 | 3 | 0.812 | 0.489 |
| ESS | 9.0±1.2 | 7.4±1.0 | 8.3±1.1 | 8.6±0.6 | 3 | 0.458 | 0.712 |
| PSQI | 8.3±1.0 | 8.1±0.8 | 6.7±0.9 | 5.6±0.5 | 3 | 3.204 | 0.025a |
| WHOQOL-BREF | |||||||
| Total | 57.5±3.7 | 65.7±2.9 | 68.5±3.1 | 70.6±1.7 | 3 | 3.611 | 0.015a |
| Physical | 61.6±4.3 | 63.8±3.5 | 66.0±3.7 | 73.4±1.9 | 3 | 3.620 | 0.015a |
| Psychological | 58.9±4.7 | 66.3±3.8 | 72.5±4.0 | 72.2±2.1 | 3 | 2.479 | 0.063 |
| Social relationships | 52.3±8.9 | 69.1±7.2 | 91.7±7.6 | 71.6±4.0 | 3 | 3.709 | 0.013a |
| Environmental | 57.9±3.7 | 63.7±3.0 | 68.4±3.1 | 65.2±1.7 | 3 | 1.512 | 0.214 |
Abbreviations: AS, Apathy Scale; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; dF, degrees of freedom; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; F, multivariate F value; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SPIN, Social Phobia Inventory; WHOQOL-BREF, World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale.
Date were compared using multivariate analysis of covariance.
Group 1, blepharospasm patients; group 2, cervical dystonia patients; group 3, writer’s cramp patients; group 4, control subjects.
a
p ≤ 0.05.