Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics among 65,788 Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) enrolled in Medicaid in the 29 most populated U.S. States, 2000-2010 by Race/Ethnicity
| White | Black | Hispanic | Asian | American Indian/Alaska Native |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of patients (N,%) | 25,204 (38.31) | 27,470 (41.76) | 10,562 (16.05) | 1,827 (2.78) | 725 (1.10) |
| Female (N, %) | 23,401 (92.85) | 25,643 (93.35) | 9,846 (93.22) | 1,663 (91.02) | 668 (92.14) |
| Age, years (Mean, SD) | 42.73 (11.98) | 39.70 (11.79) | 39.24 (12.30) | 39.12 (12.72) | 41.94 (11.83) |
| Age Categories (N, %) | |||||
| 18-39 years | 10,317(40.93) | 13,969(50.85) | 5,543 (52.48) | 953 (52.16) | 314(43.31) |
| 40-50 years | 7,123 (28.26) | 7,473 (27.20) | 2,664 (25.22) | 458 (25.07) | 213(29.38) |
| 50-65 years | 7,764 (30.80) | 6,028 (21.94) | 2,355 (22.30) | 416 (22.77) | 198(27.31) |
| Residential Region (N, %) | |||||
| Midwest | 6,238 (24.75) | 6,060 (22.06) | 701 (6.64) | 142 (7.77) | 89 (12.28) |
| Northeast | 5,151 (20.44) | 4,704 (17.12) | 2,848 (26.96) | 440 (24.08) | 74 (10.21) |
| South | 8,874 (35.21) | 14,126 (51.42) | 2,555 (24.19) | 197 (10.78) | 271 (37.38) |
| West | 4,941 (19.60) | 2,580 (9.39) | 4,458 (42.21) | 1,048 (57.36) | 291 (40.14) |
| Comorbidities (N, %)* | |||||
| Angina | 1,203 (4.77) | 1,122 (4.08) | 398 (3.77) | 47 (2.57) | 15 (2.07) |
| CABG | 88 (0.35) | 85 (0.31) | 31 (0.29) | -- | -- |
| Stroke | 1,525 (6.05) | 1,668 (6.07) | 414 (3.92) | 63 (3.45) | 37 (5.10) |
| Coronary Atherosclerosis | 2,056 (8.16) | 1,824 (6.64) | 561 (5.31) | 80 (4.38) | 40 (5.52) |
| MI | 716 (2.84) | 742 (2.70) | 157 (1.49) | 34 (1.86) | 25 (3.45) |
| PCI | 211 (0.84) | 160 (0.58) | 49 (0.46) | -- | -- |
| Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter | 566(2.25) | 464(1.69) | 165(1.56) | 38(2.08) | --- |
| End Stage Renal Disease | 460(1.83) | 1607(5.85) | 392(3.71) | 116(6.35) | 22(3.03) |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 3,748 (14.87) | 4,229 (15.39) | 1,566 (14.83) | 203 (11.11) | 141 (19.45) |
| Heart Failure | 1,849 (7.34) | 2,988 (10.88) | 644 (6.10) | 133 (7.28) | 44 (6.07) |
| Hypertension | 8,658 (34.35) | 13,309 (48.45) | 3,444 (32.61) | 569 (31.14) | 236 (32.55) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 4,241 (16.83) | 3,102 (11.29) | 1,498 (14.18) | 252 (13.79) | 84 (11.59) |
| Obesity | 1,618 (6.42) | 1,742 (6.34) | 556 (5.26) | 25 (1.37) | 53 (7.31) |
| Smoking | 2,983 (11.84) | 1,898 (6.91) | 334 (3.16) | 37 (2.03) | 84 (11.59) |
| Any Cardiovascular Disease** | 6,299 (24.99) | 7,451 (27.12) | 2,155 (20.40) | 374 (20.47) | 142 (19.59) |
| Lupus Nephritis (N, %)*** | 3,409 (13.53) | 7,807 (28.42) | 2,532 (23.97) | 625 (34.21) | 144 (19.86) |
| SLE Risk Adjustment index¥ (Mean, SD) | 1.55 (2.59) | 1.81 (2.67) | 1.44 (2.36) | 1.46 (2.38) | 1.69 (2.63) |
| Glucocorticoid Use (N, %) | |||||
| 0 to 5 mg/day | 21,686 (86.04) | 21,553 (78.46) | 8,289 (78.48) | 1,308 (71.59) | 623 (85.93) |
| >5 to 15 mg/day | 2,793 (11.08) | 4,517 (16.44) | 1,762 (16.68) | 411 (22.50) | 85 (11.72) |
| >15 mg/day | 725 (2.88) | 1,400 (5.10) | 511 (4.84) | 108 (5.91) | 17 (2.34) |
| Anticoagulation Use (N, %) | 2,400 (9.52) | 2,254 (8.21) | 858 (8.12) | 143 (7.83) | 53 (7.31) |
Baseline: 12 months prior to index date; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft, MI: myocardial infarction, PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.
Comorbidities collected at any time up to and including index date.
Any Cardiovascular Disease defined as presence of any of the following ICD-9 codes for angina, MI, old MI, PCI, atherosclerosis, stroke, CABG, peripheral vascular disease, carotid stenosis, heart failure, or valvular disease.
An additional 270 individuals developed lupus nephritis after the baseline period.
Cell sizes < 11 individuals suppressed in accordance with Federal reporting requirements.
SLE specific index ranges from 0-46 [Reference 20]