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. 2019 Feb 16;17:24. doi: 10.1186/s12958-019-0468-9

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — a Comparison of sperm DNA fragmentation before and after treatment with NAC (N = 50). Percentage of DNA fragmentation in sperm significantly decreased after treatment with NAC compared to before treatment. b Light microscope observation of sperm morphology c DNA fragmentation was assessed by TUNEL assay. Red-staining sperm have intact DNA, while green-staining sperm have DNA fragmentation. Statistical analysis was performed by the paired t-test. NAC; N-acetyl-L-cysteine. * P < 0.05