Table 6.
Summary of agents utilized to block TGF-β for solid tumors.
| Agent | Function | Diseases | Study stage | Clinical trial NCT # | Report year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fresolimumab (GC1008) | Human monoclonal antibody, neutrolize TGF-β | Advanced malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma | Clinical phase I |
00356460 | 2014 |
| Galunisertib (LY2157299) | Inhibitor of TGFβR1 | Advanced solid tumors | Clinical phase I |
01722825 | 2015 |
| Galunisertib + Dinutuximab + aNK |
Enhance ADCC of expanded NK cells | Neuroblastoma | Preclinical | N/A | 2017 |
| Galunisertib + aNK | Enhance cytotoxic function of expanded NK | Glioblastoma | Preclinical | N/A | 2018 |
| TGFBR2 knocking-down primary and expanded NK cells | TGF-β signaling pathway deficient | Brain tumor | Preclinical | N/A | 2018 |
| SMAD3 knocking-down NK-92 cells | TGF-β signaling pathway deficient | Hepatoma and melanoma | Preclinical | N/A | 2018 |
| DNRII CB NK | CB NK cells to express a dominant negative receptor II for TGF-β | Glioblastoma | Preclinical | N/A | 2017 |
| NK-92-TN (contains the TGF-β type II receptor extracellular, transmembrane domains and the intracellular domain of NK cell-activating receptor NKG2D (TN chimeric receptor) |
Resistant to TGF-β-induced suppressive signaling, but did not downregulate NKG2D | hepatocellular carcinoma | Preclinical | N/A | 2017 |