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. 2019 Feb 11;13:17. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00017

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Copyright © 2019 Nahvi, Nwokafor, Serova and Sabban.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Design of the experiments. (A) In experiment 1, animals underwent a 12-day accommodation period upon arrival after which they were exposed to single prolonged stress (SPS) stressors and were administered 150 μg of intranasal neuropeptide Y (NPY) or vehicle while under the influence of ether. After a 12-day consolidation period, forced swim test (FST) was performed and vaginal smears, euthanasia and locus coeruleus (LC) collection occurred 30 min later. (B) In experiment 2, animals had a 7-day accommodation period after which they underwent SPS stressors and were administered 300 μg of intranasal NPY or vehicle while under the influence of ether. After a 7-day consolidation period, elevated plus maze (EPM) was performed and immediately afterwards vaginal smears, euthanasia and LC collection occurred.