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. 2019 Feb 11;13:17. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00017

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Copyright © 2019 Nahvi, Nwokafor, Serova and Sabban.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of SPS on response to FST. Female rats were unstressed (Control), or exposed to SPS and while still under the influence of ether (the last stressor) administered 150 μg/rat of NPY; (SPS/NPY) or vehicle (SPS/V). The forced swim portion of the SPS stressors was recorded and immobility scored in 5 min intervals (A). Twelve days later they tested for (B) immobility time on the FST and changes in mRNA levels of: (C) tyrosine hydroxylase (TH); (D) CRHR1; (E) NPY receptor 1 (Y1R) in the LC 30 min later. Means ± SEM are shown. Each point represents values for an individual animal. Planned comparisons t-test determined differences between groups. *p < 0.05; ****p < 0.0001.