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. 2019 Feb 11;10:81. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00081

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Effects of iso-α-acids on memory impairment induced by LPS. (A,B) CD-1 (ICR) mice were orally administered with 0 or 1 mg/kg of iso-α-acids for 3 days and intracerebroventricularly injected with PBS or 0.25 mg/kg LPS 1 h after the last iso-α-acids administration. Mice were subjected to the spontaneous alternation test using the Y-maze 1 day after LPS injection. Spontaneous alternations (A) and arm entries (B) in the Y-maze test were recorded to evaluate spatial memory. (C–H) Concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p40, MIP-1α, and MCP-1 in the hippocampus were measured 24 h after LPS injection, respectively. Data are represented as mean ± SE of 10 mice per group. p-Values shown in the graph were calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey–Kramer test. ∗p < 0.05 and ∗∗p < 0.01.