Table 2.
Complications.
| AVM location and SM scale | Volume of PHIL used (mL) | Complication | Additional therapy | Outcome, GOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left temporoparietal, grade III | >6 | Transient sensomotor aphasia | Dexamethasone/mannitol | No deficit at 3 months, GOS 5 |
| Left temporal, grade II | <5 | Transient sensomotor aphasia | Radiosurgery | No deficit at 3 months, GOS 5 |
| Left parietal, grade III | >6 | Severe headache | Dexamethasone/mannitol | No deficit at 3 months, GOS 5 |
| Left frontoparietal, grade III | >7 | Headache, mood changes | Dexamethasone/mannitol radiosurgery | No deficit at 3 months, GOS 5 |
| Right temporoparietal, grade III | 7 | Hemorrhage 1 day after embolization | Acute surgical removal of hematoma and AVM | Left hemiparesis GOS 3 |
| Right occipital, grade II | 5 | Hemianopia | Dexamethasone/mannitol, following embolization | GOS 5 |
AVM: arteriovenous malformation; SM: Spetzler–Martin; PHIL: precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; GOS: Glasgow outcome scale.