Table 6.
— | PFHxS | PFHpS | PFNA | PFDA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
— | — | Departure from linearityb | — | Departure from linearityb | — | Departure from linearityb | — | Departure from linearityb |
Outcome | βa (95% CI) | Test: p-value | βa (95% CI) | Test: p-value | βa (95% CI) | Test: p-value | βa (95% CI) | Test: p-value |
Boys () | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Tanner stages: genitals | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Stage 2 | 1.22 (, 5.17) | 0.71 | (, 3.13) | 0.32 | 2.34 (, 7.78) | 0.63 | 1.88 (, 6.59) | 0.67 |
Stage 3 | (, ) | 0.62 | (, ) | 0.30 | 3.77 (, 10.96) | 0.11 | 1.71 (, 8.06) | 0.07 |
Stage 4 | (, 0.08) | 0.02 | (, 3.27) | 0.04 | 1.92 (, 9.12) | 0.26 | 0.65 (, 6.54) | 0.01 |
Stage 5 | (, 2.84) | 0.05 | (, 6.71) | 0.07 | 1.74 (, 10.24) | 0.31 | 3.71 (, 11.16) | 0.01 |
Tanner stages: pubic hair | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Stage 2 | (, 0.80) | 0.71 | (, 1.25) | 0.37 | 1.35 (, 7.54) | 0.49 | (, 4.06) | 0.28 |
Stage 3 | (, 0.75) | 0.02 | (, 1.44) | 0.24 | 0.68 (, 5.61) | 0.13 | (, 2.97) | 0.01 |
Stage 4 | (, ) | 0.03 | (, ) | 0.52 | (, 3.90) | 0.24 | (, 2.12) | 0.05 |
Stage 5 | (, ) | 0.14 | (, 3.11) | 0.29 | (, 4.19) | 0.41 | (, 2.57) | 0.12 |
Axillary hair | (, ) | 0.11 | (, 1.43) | 0.07 | 1.19 (, 8.88) | 0.64 | 0.68 (, 6.70) | 0.98 |
Acne | (, ) | 0.29 | (, 0.44) | 0.87 | (, ) | 0.09 | (, ) | 0.37 |
Voice break | (, ) | 0.42 | (, ) | 0.94 | (, ) | 0.14 | (, ) | 0.68 |
First ejaculation | (, ) | 0.87 | (, 2.05) | 0.74 | (, 1.45) | 0.61 | (, 1.91) | 0.90 |
Girls () | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Tanner stages: breast | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Stage 2 | (, 5.04) | 0.13 | (, 1.94) | 0.78 | (, ) | 0.48 | (, 1.43) | 0.84 |
Stage 3 | (, 1.10) | 0.92 | (, 2.30) | 0.09 | (, 0.87) | 0.50 | (, 2.99) | 0.72 |
Stage 4 | (, 3.50) | 0.25 | (, 2.00) | 0.02 | (, 2.56) | 0.24 | (, 4.68) | 0.92 |
Stage 5 | (, 5.33) | 0.78 | (, 5.85) | 0.31 | (, 8.49) | 0.53 | 1.11 (, 13.78) | 0.91 |
Tanner stages: pubic hair | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Stage 2 | 1.55 (, 5.45) | 0.81 | 0.25 (, 4.10) | 0.03 | (, 2.22) | 0.76 | 1.26 (, 5.53) | 0.85 |
Stage 3 | 0.50 (, 4.48) | 0.81 | (, 1.73) | 0.05 | (, 0.37) | 0.05 | 0.25 (, 4.47) | 0.65 |
Stage 4 | 1.74 (, 7.12) | 0.74 | (, 4.43) | 0.00 | (, ) | 0.19 | (, 4.53) | 0.93 |
Stage 5 | 1.15 (, 9.78) | 0.71 | (, 6.66) | 0.09 | (, ) | 0.05 | (, 4.32) | 0.86 |
Axillary hair | (, 5.90) | 0.58 | 1.13 (, 7.70) | 0.57 | (, 3.67) | 0.15 | 3.67 (, 10.85) | 0.33 |
Acne | 1.01 (, 9.44) | 0.32 | (, 5.00) | 0.03 | (, 4.21) | 0.29 | (, 8.25) | 0.03 |
Menarche | (, 3.70) | 0.18 | (, 3.83) | 0.03 | (, 3.79) | 0.17 | 3.52 (, 8.25) | 0.84 |
Note: —, data not available; CI, confidence interval; PFDA, perfluorodecanoic acid; PFHpS, perfluoroheptane sulfonate; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFNA, perfluorononanoic acid. Adjusted for highest social class of parents, maternal age at menarche, maternal age at delivery, parity, prepregnancy body mass index, and daily number of cigarettes smoked in first trimester.
The β coefficient corresponds to the mean monthly difference per doubling of predictor variable.
Continuous log2-transformed concentrations modeled as a second-order polynomial to test for quadratic departure from linearity. p-Values (two-sided) are presented.