Table 3.

Descriptions of provider-centered educational interventions

Authors	Year	Intervention	Sample Content or Description of provider specific content	Results
Chamberlain et al. [42] Chamberlain et al. [43]	2015 2016	Randomized controlled trial testing a multi-component intervention that included interventions on the patient- (interactive iPad-based tutorial, maps to local pharmacies/health departments), provider- (provider-to-patient talking points, peer-to-peer vaccine promotion education) and practice-level (vaccine champions, lapel buttons, posters, brochures)	Provider-to-patient talking points that emphasized protecting the fetus and newborn A 1-hour peer-to-peer education session that covered the importance of antenatal vaccination and tips for starting an in-house vaccination program	9.0% received the vaccine overall. Study-adjusted antenatal influenza RD: 3.6%, 95% CI: −4.0, 11.2 [42]
Hoppe et al. [31]	2011	Multi-component intervention to improve H1N1 influenza vaccine uptake among pregnant women in an obstetrics clinic	Educational sessions for team members in obstetrics clinic covering risk of H1N1 in pregnant women, vaccine recommendations and safety of vaccine	76% of eligible patients received the vaccine (compared to national coverage of about 38%)
McCarthy et al. [32]	2012	Retrospective assessment of a multi-component intervention that included education campaign for patients and providers.	Health center staff attended a grand rounds lecture. One of the authors attendant daily clinic meetings to provide additional information. No additional information was provided about the content of these interventions.	Influenza coverage increased from 30% to 40% from 2010 to 2011 (p = 0.03)
Mouzoon et al. [38]	2010	Retrospective assessment of a multi-component intervention that included education updates for providers.	No specific information is provided about the content of the educational updates.	Rates among pregnant women increased from 2.5% at baseline to 21.1% (2003–2004), 30.6% (2004–2005), 32.5% (2005–2006), 40.5% (2006–2007), 46.5% (2007–2008), 37.4% (2008–2009). P for trend <0.01
Ogburn et al. [39]	2007	Retrospective assessment of a multi-component plan to improve vaccine uptake	Educational sessions for provider and clinic personnel. No information about the content of these sessions is provided.	2002–2003 (<1% vaccinated) 2003–2004 (3% vaccinated) 2004–2005 (37% vaccinated) p<0.001
Panda et al. [40]	2010	Pre-/post-intervention assessment of a multi-component intervention to improve vaccine uptake	No information is provided about the content of the provider education sessions.	2007–2008 (pre-intevention) - 19%; 2008–2009 (post-intervention) - 31%
Wallis et al. [41]	2006	Pre-/post-intervention assessment of a multi-component intervention to improve vaccine uptake	Brief education sessions on the ACIP recommendations covering the indications, contraindications and side effects of the vaccine.	Proportion discussing before (1.5%), proportion discussing after (21.9%), Difference (20.5%) <0.001

Abbreviations: RD = risk difference