Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of surveyed population per study arms, April 2016, Armenia.
| Characteristics | Control (n = 615) |
Intervention (n = 650) |
Total (n = 1265) |
Chi2, P value |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | (%) | Number | (%) | Number | (%) | ||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 318 | (51.7) | 350 | (53.8) | 668 | (52.8) | chi2 [df (1)] = 0.446 Pr = 0.580 |
| Female | 297 | (48.3) | 300 | (46.2) | 597 | (47.2) | |
| Age group | |||||||
| 13 to 25.9 month | 291 | (52.5) | 323 | (49.7) | 614 | (48.5) | chi2(2) = 0.714 Pr = 0.398 |
| 26 to 38 months | 324 | (53.2) | 327 | (50.3) | 651 | (51.5) | |
| Number of children at household under 18 yr. | |||||||
| One child | 132 | (21.7) | 144 | (22.5) | 276 | (22.1) | chi2(5) = 9.52 Pr = 0.218 |
| Two children | 279 | (45.8) | 323 | (50.5) | 602 | (48.2) | |
| Three children | 129 | (21.2) | 110 | (17.2) | 239 | (19.2) | |
| Four children | 50 | (8.2) | 42 | (6.6) | 92 | (7.4) | |
| Five children | 11 | (1.8) | 17 | (2.7) | 28 | (2.2) | |
| Six or more children | 8 | (1.3) | 3 | (0.5) | 11 | (0.9) | |
| Birth term - gestational age | |||||||
| Full-term (37–40 weeks) | 553 | (90.8) | 572 | (89.5) | 1125 | (90.1) | chi2(1) = 0.58 Pr = 0.445 |
| Pre-term (<37 weeks) | 56 | (9.2) | 67 | (10.5) | 123 | (9.9) | |
| Twins (two offsprings produced by the same pregnancy) | |||||||
| Yes | 19 | (3.1) | 3 | (0.5) | 22 | (1.8) |
chi2(1) = 12.6 Pr = 0.000 |
| No | 590 | (96.9) | 636 | (99.5) | 1226 | (98.2) | |
| Mother's education | |||||||
| Eighth grade or below | 18 | (3.0) | 18 | (2.8) | 36 | (2.9) | chi2(4) =4.74 Pr = 0.192 |
| Secondary | 364 | (59.8) | 358 | (56.0) | 722 | (57.9) | |
| Vocational and incomplete higher education | 115 | (18.9) | 153 | (23.9) | 268 | (21.5) | |
| Higher/college-university education | 112 | (18.4) | 110 | (17.2) | 222 | (17.8) | |
| Father's education | |||||||
| Eighth grade or below | 29 | (4.8) | 21 | (3.3) | 50 | (4.0) | chi2(5) = 7.45 Pr = 0.059 |
| Secondary | 466 | (76.5) | 461 | (72.1) | 927 | (74.3) | |
| Vocational and incomplete higher education | 53 | (8.7) | 71 | (11.1) | 124 | (9.9) | |
| Higher education | 61 | (10.0) | 86 | (13.5) | 147 | (11.8) | |
| Maternal age in years | |||||||
| <24 years | 203 | (33.3) | 247 | (38.7) | 450 | (36.1) | chi2(5) = 3.81 Pr = 0.149 |
| 25–30 years | 273 | (44.8) | 261 | (40.8) | 534 | (42.8) | |
| 30 and over | 132 | (21.7) | 131 | (20.5) | 263 | (21.1) | |
| Fathers not present at household over 3 months in the past 12 months | |||||||
| Yes | 211 | (34.6) | 219 | (34.3) | 430 | (34.5) | chi2(1) =0.035 Pr = 0.852 |
| No | 391 | (64.2) | 415 | (64.9) | 806 | (64.6) | |
| Household size (number of people living together in one house) | |||||||
| 3–5 people | 180 | (29.6) | 176 | (27.5) | 356 | (28.5) | chi2(2) = 2.62 Pr = 0.270 |
| 6–7 people | 264 | (43.3) | 306 | (47.9) | 570 | (45.7) | |
| 8 and above | 165 | (27.1) | 157 | (24.6) | 322 | (25.8) | |
| Access to water | |||||||
| Accessible | 513 | (84.2) | 543 | (85.0) | 1056 | (84.6) | chi2(3) =1.62 Pr = 0.656 |
| Somewhat accessible | 29 | (4.8) | 37 | (5.8) | 66 | (5.3) | |
| Very difficult to access | 45 | (7.4) | 40 | (6.3) | 85 | (6.8) | |
| Not accessible | 22 | (3.6) | 19 | (3.0) | 41 | (3.3) | |
| Fuel used for cooking in the house | |||||||
| Solid fuel (coal, wood, animal dunk) | 94 | (15.4) | 57 | (8.9) | 151 | (12.1) |
chi2(1) = 12.4 Pr = 0.000 |
| Electricity or gas | 515 | (84.6) | 581 | (90.9) | 1096 | (87.8) | |
| Challenge to feed the family during last month | |||||||
| Yes | 165 | (27.1) | 166 | (26.0) | 331 | (26.5) | chi2(1) = 0.20 Pr = 0.655 |
| No | 444 | (72.9) | 473 | (74.0) | 917 | (73.5) | |
| Wealth score | |||||||
| Very low | 130 | (21.3) | 121 | (18.9) | 251 | (20.1) | chi2(4) = 7.64 Pr = 0.106 |
| Low | 133 | (21.8) | 114 | (17.8) | 247 | (19.8) | |
| Average | 115 | (18.9) | 133 | (20.8) | 248 | (19.9) | |
| High | 121 | (19.9) | 128 | (20.0) | 249 | (20.0) | |
| Very high | 106 | (17.4) | 142 | (22.2) | 248 | (19.9) | |
| Geographical Region | |||||||
| Gavar | 301 | (49.4) | 336 | (52.6) | 637 | (50.4) | chi2(1) = 0.96 Pr = 0.328 |
| Vardenis | 314 | (51.6) | 314 | (49.1) | 628 | (49.6) | |