β1AR-induced cardiac contractility and cAMP response are impaired in USP20–KO mice. Hemodynamic parameters measured in anesthetized mice after infusion with increasing doses of isoproterenol are shown in A, maximal first derivative of LV pressure, and in B, minimal first derivative of LV pressure. Data shown are average values ± S.E. *, p < 0.01, two-way ANOVA, Holm-Sidak's post-test. n = 10 (WT) and n = 10 (KO). C, heart rate of anesthetized WT (n = 10) and USP20–KO (n = 10) mice in response to increasing doses of isoproterenol. Error bars indicate average ± S.E. *, p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA, Holm-Sidak's post-test. D, cAMP production in 3-month-old WT and USP20–KO hearts, following acute saline, dobutamine (Dob) or NKH477 infusion plotted as means ± S.E. **, p < 0.01, versus saline groups and KO-Dob; #, p < 0.05 compared with saline groups; two-way ANOVA, Holm-Sidak's post-test.