Table 1.
Characteristics of Cigarette Smokers (n = 617) and Dual Users (n = 88) at Baseline
| Cigarette smokers | Dual users | p valuea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean, SD) | 50.5 | 14.0 | 49.3 | 14.6 | .446b |
| N | % | N | % | ||
| Sex | .231 | ||||
| Male | 266 | 43.1 | 32 | 36.4 | |
| Female | 351 | 56.9 | 56 | 63.6 | |
| Race | .027 | ||||
| White | 501 | 81.3 | 80 | 90.9 | |
| Other | 115 | 18.7 | 8 | 9.1 | |
| Education | .242 | ||||
| Less than high school | 91 | 14.8 | 9 | 10.2 | |
| GED/high school | 204 | 33.1 | 25 | 28.4 | |
| At least Some college | 322 | 52.2 | 54 | 61.4 | |
| Household income | .229 | ||||
| Less than $25 000 | 251 | 43.0 | 38 | 45.2 | |
| $25 000–$50 000 | 196 | 33.6 | 21 | 25.0 | |
| More than $50 000 | 137 | 23.5 | 25 | 29.8 | |
| Marital status | .235 | ||||
| Single/never married | 195 | 31.6 | 23 | 26.1 | |
| Married/cohabitating | 230 | 37.3 | 37 | 42.1 | |
| Separated/divorced | 146 | 23.7 | 17 | 19.3 | |
| Widowed | 46 | 7.5 | 11 | 12.5 | |
| Employment status | .237 | ||||
| Full-time | 241 | 39.2 | 27 | 30.7 | |
| Part-time | 82 | 13.3 | 11 | 12.5 | |
| Unemployed | 292 | 47.5 | 50 | 56.8 | |
| Region | |||||
| Rural | 313 | 50.7 | 37 | 42.1 | |
| Urban | 304 | 49.3 | 51 | 58.0 | |
| Stage of change | .324 | ||||
| Precontemplation | 307 | 57.9 | 37 | 50.0 | |
| Contemplation | 191 | 36.0 | 30 | 40.5 | |
| Preparation | 32 | 6.0 | 7 | 9.5 | |
| FTND score | .639 | ||||
| Low/moderate | 264 | 48.2 | 42 | 53.8 | |
| Moderate/high | 284 | 51.8 | 36 | 46.2 | |
| mean | SD | mean | SD | ||
| Cessation interest | 6.3 | 3.0 | 7.4 | 2.5 | .002c |
GED = General Education Development, FTND = Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, SD = standard deviation.
aChi-square test unless otherwise noted.
b t test.
cWilcoxon rank sum test.