Table 1.

Reported effect sizes (standardised mean difference) from meta-analysis for studies of treatment efficacy for ADHD core symptoms in childhood and adulthood.

Treatment and age-group	Treatment type	Effect size	Reference
Childhood: pharmacological treatment	Methylphenidate	0.72	Faraone and Buitelaar (2010)
	Amphetamines	0.99	Faraone and Buitelaar (2010)
	Atomoxetine	0.64	Schwartz and Correll (2014)
	Guanfacine	0.63	Hirota et al. (2014)
	Clonidine	0.44	Hirota et al. (2014)
Childhood: non-pharmacological treatment	Omega-3	0.16	Sonuga-Barke et al. (2013)
	Diets	0.42	Sonuga-Barke et al. (2013)
	Neurofeedback	0.21	Hodgson et al. (2014)
	Multimodal psychosocial	0.09	Hodgson et al. (2014)
	Working memory training	−0.02−0.20	Cortese et al. (2015); Hodgson et al. (2014)
	Behaviour modification	−0.03	Hodgson et al. (2014)
	Parent training	−0.51	Hodgson et al. (2014)
	Self-monitoring	−5.91	Hodgson et al. (2014)
	School-based	−0.26−0.16	Hodgson et al. (2014); Richardson et al. (2015)
Adulthood: pharmacological treatment	Methylphenidate	0.42−0.72	Castells et al., 2011b, Epstein et al., 2014
	Amphetamines	0.72−1.07	Castells et al. (2011a); Fridman et al. (2015)
	Atomoxetine	0.38−0.60	Asherson et al. (2014); Fridman et al. (2015)
Adulthood: non-pharmacological treatment	Cognitive-behavioural therapy	0.43−1.0	Jensen et al. (2016); Knouse et al. (2017); Young et al. (2016)
	Mindfulness-based therapies	0.53−0.66	Cairncross and Miller (2016)