Figure 2.

A non-exhaustive list of stressotope components. In fish, the fate of stress responses to natural (temperature and oxygen variations, changes in salinity and photoperiod, abundance of pathogens in freshwater and marine realms…), artificial (cultured) and Human Induced Rapid Environmental Changes (HIREC) depends mainly, but not only, on environmental insults, perceived stressful scenarios influenced by continuous predation risk (Landscape of Fear, LoF) and species-specific intersex differential activation of stress, immune and metabolic axes. To what extent phenotypic plasticity helps to cope with maladaptive stressors in turn depends on evolutionary conserved life stories and behavioral repertoires (see the text for details and abbreviations).