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. 2019 Feb 12;13:8. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00008

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Copyright © 2019 Kurada, Bayat, Joshi and Koubeissi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Electrical stimulation of the left claustrum in a patient with intractable epilepsy. (A) AI4 contact represented as a red circle, when stimulated elicited impairment of consciousness. (B) Representation of 15 selected bipolar channels. Z-scores are used for estimating the variations of h2 coefficients relative to the prestimulation period. Blue circle: two randomly chosen AI4 stimulations. One causes disruption of consciousness. Red cross: two randomly chosen AI4 stimulations that did not interfere with consciousness at lower current intensities. Significant variations are shown in medial parietal (MP) channels and posterior frontal (PF) channels. AF, anterior frontal; MF, medial frontal. From Koubeissi et al. (2014)—with permission.