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. 2019 Feb 12;10:38. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00038

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Copyright © 2019 Cai, Wang, Wang, Liu, Zhao, Zhu, Zhao, Zhang, Guo, Yao, Wang, Wang and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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ASD-like behaviors in Shank3B^−/− mice. (A,B) Repetitive grooming was scored by the duration (A) and the total number of grooming events (B). (C) Compared to the WT mice, the KO mice prefer to be in the chamber with the empty cage, as shown in the tracking map. (D) The KO mice spent more time in the chamber containing the empty cage and spent less time in the chamber associated with the unfamiliar mouse. (E,F) The resident-intruder interaction was evaluated by the frequency (E) and cumulative time of the social interactions (F). The KO mice showed a clear reduction in social contact. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.0001, compared to littermate WT mice. All data are displayed as the mean ± s.e.m. of 10–13 mice per group. Student's t-test was used for (A,B,E,F); two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc t-test for (C) and (D) were conducted for the statistical analysis.