Table 1.
Dysbiosis in functional constipation.
| References | Methods | Materials | Patients | Controls | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zoppi et al. (4) | Culture | Feces | FC children (n = 28) (mean age 9.5 y) |
HC children (n = 14) (mean age 7.9 y) |
FC: Clostridium↑ Bifidobacterium↑ |
| Khalif et al. (5) | Culture | Feces | FC (n = 57) (mean age 42.2 y) |
HC (n = 25) | FC: Bifidobacterium↓ Lactobacillus↓ Clostridium ↓ Bacteroides↓ Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli)↑ S. aureus↑ Fungi↑ |
| Zhu et al. (6) | 16S rRNA pyrosequencing | Feces | FC children (n = 8) (mean age 11.8 y) |
HC children (n = 14) (mean age 13.2 y) |
FC: Firmicutes↑ Prevotella↓ |
| Kim et al. (7) | Quantitative RT-PCR | Feces | FC (n = 30) (mean age 35 y) | HC (n = 30) (mean age 32 y) |
FC: Bifidobacterium↓ Bacteroides↓ |
| Parthasarathy et al. (8) | 16S rRNA Gene sequencing (V3-V5) | Feces and Mucosa | FC female (n = 13), IBS-C female (n = 6), mixed IBS female (n = 6) (mean age 48 y) |
HC female (n = 25) (mean age 39 y) |
FC mucosa: Bacteroidetes↑ |
FC, Functional constipation; HC, Healthy control.