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. 2019 Feb 18;10:808. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08687-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Carbon and sulfur isotope data of Gulf of Mexico Basin (GMB) cap rock phases. a Carbonate carbon (δ¹³C_carb) and sulfur isotope (δ³⁴S_CAS) compositions of cap rock carbonate. Early (host) and late (vein) phases are identified. Also shown are the δ¹³C ranges for northern GMB petroleum (hatched envelope) and the δ³⁴S value for minor anhydrite/gypsum in the Louann Salt (vertical dashed line). Carbonate carbon isotope composition lower than –28‰ and carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS) sulfur isotope compositions above +16‰ require sulfate-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane as a mineralization mechanism. b Comparative reduced sulfur and carbonate-associated sulfate isotope data. Paragenetic relationship with carbonate indicated by symbol. In both panels, symbols are larger than the error for each measurement