Table 1.
Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae of isolates from river water (RW), rivers sediment (RS), pig manure (PM), soil (S), and vegetables (V).
| Isolate | Source | MIC (mg/L)a | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CL | AMC | TZP | CTX | CAZ | MEM | ETP | IPM | GEN | AMK | TE | TGC | CIP | SXT | FOF | F | FFC | ||
| KP1 | RW | 0.125 | 16 | 32 | 2 | 2 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.25 | 32 | 4 | 128 | 2 | 16 | >16 | 256 | 256 | >32 |
| KP2 | RW | 0.06 | 16 | 256 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.125 | 32 | 8 | 128 | 2 | 16 | >16 | 256 | 512 | >32 |
| KP3 | RW | 0.125 | 16 | 128 | 8 | 16 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.06 | 32 | 2 | 128 | 2 | 0.5 | >16 | 128 | 256 | 4 |
| KP4 | RW | 0.125 | 32 | 256 | 32 | 1 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.125 | 128 | 2 | 64 | 2 | 8 | 8 | >256 | 256 | >32 |
| KP5 | RW | 0.125 | 32 | 256 | >32 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.015 | 0.125 | 1 | 2 | 128 | 2 | 1 | 8 | >256 | 256 | 8 |
| KP6 | RW | 0.125 | 32 | 256 | >32 | 1 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.125 | 64 | 4 | 128 | 4 | 16 | 8 | 256 | 256 | >32 |
| KP7 | PM | 0125 | 16 | 256 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.015 | 0.06 | 0.125 | 32 | 4 | 128 | 2 | 16 | >16 | 256 | 256 | >32 |
| KP8 | PM | 0.125 | 16 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.125 | 16 | 2 | 128 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 256 | 128 | 32 |
| KP9 | S | 0.125 | 32 | 256 | 4 | 1 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.125 | 64 | 4 | 128 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 512 | 256 | >32 |
| KP10 | S | 0.06 | 32 | 256 | >32 | 1 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.125 | 64 | 2 | 128 | 4 | 0.5 | 8 | >256 | 64 | 2 |
| KP11 | V | 0.125 | 16 | 256 | 8 | 1 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.125 | 16 | 2 | 128 | 1 | 1 | >16 | 256 | 64 | >32 |
| KP12 | V | 0.06 | 32 | 256 | >32 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.125 | >128 | 8 | 128 | 2 | 4 | 8 | >256 | 256 | >32 |
| KP13 | RS | 0.125 | 16 | 256 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.015 | 0.06 | 0.125 | 32 | 4 | 128 | 0.5 | 16 | >16 | 256 | 128 | >32 |
| KP14 | WW | 0.125 | 16 | 256 | 8 | 1 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 32 | 4 | 128 | 1 | 16 | >16 | 256 | 512 | >32 |
Resistance is indicated in bold and intermediate is indicated in underlined.
MICs were determined by agar dilution methods for all antibiotics except for colistin, for which broth microdilution was used. Resistance is indicated in bold. CL, colistin; AMC, amoxicillin/clavulanate; TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam; CTX, cefotaxime; CAZ, ceftazidime; MEM, meropenem; GEN, gentamicin; AMK, amikacin; TE, tetracycline; TGC, tigecycline, CIP, ciprofloxacin; SXT, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; FOF, fosfomycin; F, nitrofurantoin; FFC, florfenicol. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using clinical breakpoints recommended by the EUCAST criteria (http://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/), except for tetracycline and nitrofurantion, for which the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2017) breakpoints were used, and florfenicol, for which a resistance breakpoint of >16 mg/L, based on the epidemiological cut-off values for the closely related Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. available at EUCAST, was used.