Table 2.
Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with positive culture of Aspergillus spp., invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and Aspergillus spp. colonisation
| Variables | Whole population n = 60 |
IPA n = 17 |
Aspergillus spp. colonisation n = 43 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 55.4 (12.6) | 56 (14.5) | 55.2 (11.8) | 0.64 |
| Gender (male), n (%) | 51 (85) | 15 (88) | 36 (84) | 0.65 |
| Aetiology of cirrhosis, n (%) | 0.60 | |||
| Alcohol | 25 (42) | 8 (47) | 17 (40) | |
| Viral | 23 (38) | 7 (41) | 16 (37) | |
| Other | 12 (20) | 2 (12) | 10 (23) | |
| Severe alcoholic hepatitis, n (%) | 11 (18) | 6 (35) | 5 (12) | 0.06 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 14 (23) | 2 (12) | 12 (28) | 0.18 |
| COPD | 23 (38) | 11 (65) | 12 (28) | 0.008 |
| Smoking history | 23 (38) | 6 (35) | 17 (40) | 0.76 |
| Heart disease | 3 (5) | 0 (0) | 3 (7) | 0.26 |
| Immunosuppressive treatment | 15 (25) | 7 (41) | 8 (19) | 0.09 |
| Ascites | 24 (40) | 9 (53) | 15 (35) | 0.19 |
| Encephalopathy | 17 (28) | 9 (53) | 8 (19) | 0.007 |
| Life support n (%) | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 31 (52) | 12 (71) | 19 (44) | 0.06 |
| Catecholamine | 30 (50) | 12 (71) | 18 (42) | 0.04 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 13 (22) | 7 (41) | 6 (14) | 0.02 |
| Liver support | 7 (12) | 4 (24) | 3 (7) | 0.07 |
| Laboratory data, mean (SD) | ||||
| INR | 2.01 (1.64) | 2.2 (1.5) | 1.9 (1.7) | 0.56 |
| Serum bilirubin (µmol/l) | 131 (159) | 172 (169) | 115 (154) | 0.16 |
| Serum creatinine (µmol/l) | 155 (151) | 180 (151) | 145 (152) | 0.14 |
| Serum sodium (mmol/l) | 135 (5.3) | 134 (5.8) | 135 (5.3) | 0.61 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 31 (8) | 34 .4 (8.6) | 30.9 (7.9) | 0.20 |
| Leucocytes (/mm3) | 10.9 (8.4) | 13.8 (12.4) | 9.9 (6.3) | 0.69 |
| Platelets (/mm3) | 123 (81) | 109 (69) | 127 (85) | 0.66 |
| Prognostic score, mean (SD) | ||||
| Child–Pugh score | 11.2 (2.8) | 11.8 (3.1) | 10.8 (2.6) | 0.17 |
| SAPS II | 46 (20) | 48 (25) | 45 (18) | 0.32 |
| MELD score | 21 (11.2) | 23.2 (13.3) | 20.1 (10.4) | 0.44 |
| SOFA score | 9.8 (7.3) | 13.4 (8.5) | 8.3 (6.4) | 0.002 |
| ACLF grade n (%) | 0.17 | |||
| ACLF grade 0 | 17 (28) | 4 (24) | 13 (30) | |
| ACLF grade 1 | 11 (18) | 1 (6) | 10 (23) | |
| ACLF grade 2 | 9 (15) | 2 (12) | 7 (16) | |
| ACLF grade 3 | 23 (38) | 10 (59) | 13 (30) | |
| Outcome, n (%) | ||||
| Hospital mortality | 20 (33) | 12 (71) | 8 (19) | < 0.001 |
| One-year mortality | 41 (68) | 14 (82) | 27 (63) | 0.14 |
| Liver transplantation | 5 (8) | 1 (6) | 4 (9) | 0.66 |
Significant parameters (p value < 0.05)
IPA invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, MELD Model of End-Stage Liver Disease, ACLF Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure, ICU intensive care unit, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score