Table 1.
Characteristics of all clusters, including month-by-month variation throughout the course of the study
| Pre-intervention deliveries (n=247 238) | Post-intervention deliveries (n=288 995) | Mean throughout trial | Percentage rate of change per month (95% CI) | p value | Percentage difference (95% CI) | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of deliveries per month | 2472 (1569) | 2890 (2291) | 2681 (1970) | 3% (−5 to 11) | 0·46 | 418% (−713 to 1567) | 0·49 | ||
| Place of delivery | |||||||||
| Central referral facility | 1434 (63·4%) | 1282 (55·0%) | 1358 (59·2%) | 0·1% (−0·3 to 0·4) | 0·79 | −8·4% (−17·6 to 0·8) | 0·11 | ||
| Peripheral facility | 958 (32·8%) | 1523 (41·6%) | 1241 (37·2%) | 0·1% (−0·2 to 0·4) | 0·68 | 8·7% (−0·4 to 17·9) | 0·093 | ||
| Home | 105 (4·8%) | 118 (4·7%) | 111 (4·8%) | −0·1% (0·3 to 0·1) | 0·28 | −0·1% (−2·4 to 2·2) | 0·92 | ||
| Mode of delivery | |||||||||
| Caesarean section | 366 (16·8%) | 494 (18·1%) | 430 (17·4%) | 0·3% (−0·1 to 0·6) | 0·19 | 1·3% (−2·4 to 5·0) | 0·52 | ||
| Total number of facilities* | |||||||||
| Number of primary level care facilities | 232 | 224 | 228 | 0 (no trend) | .. | −1·0% (−8·0 to 7·0) | 0·85 | ||
| Number of secondary level care facilities | 44 | 36 | 40 | 0 (no trend) | .. | 1·0% (−2·0 to 1·0) | 0·44 | ||
| Number of tertiary level care facilities | 10 | 10 | 10 | 0 (no trend) | .. | 0 (no trend) | .. | ||
| Total number of facilities (per 1000 deliveries) | |||||||||
| Number of primary level care facilities | 13·8 (15·3) | 14·3 (15·7) | 14·1 (15·5) | 0·0% (−0·4 to 0·4) | 0·96 | 0·4% (−3·9 to 4·7) | 0·85 | ||
| Number of secondary level care facilities | 2·8 (5·4) | 2·5 (5·5) | 2·6 (5·5) | 0·0% (−0·1 to 0·1) | 0·97 | −0·3% (−1·9 to 1·2) | 0·66 | ||
| Number of tertiary level care facilities | 0·8 (1·4) | 0·8 (1·2) | 0·8 (1·3) | −0·0%† (−0·0 to 0·0) | 0·74 | 0·0% (−0·3 to 0·4) | 0·89 | ||
| Obstetric resources | |||||||||
| Capacity for blood transfusion, mean percentage of facilities (SD) | 28·9% (21·7) | 21·3% (16·4) | 25·1% (19·5) | −0·1% (−0·3 to 0·1) | 0·42 | −7·7% (−22·4 to 7·1) | 0·34 | ||
| Adult intensive care unit beds‡ | 11·7 (9·1) | 10·1 (9·1) | 10·9 (9·1) | −0·1% (−0·2 to 0·1) | 0·35 | −1·6% (−6·0 to 2·8) | 0·49 | ||
| Magnesium sulphate available, mean percentage of facilities (SD) | 76·2% (25·2) | 73·1% (23·7) | 74·7% (24·5) | 0·2% (−0·1 to 0·6) | 0·21 | −3·0% (−16·2 to 10·1) | 0·66 | ||
| Personnel (per 1000 deliveries) | |||||||||
| Total doctors in maternity units | 40·0 (33·4) | 38·4 (28·7) | 39·2 (31·1) | 0·0% (−0·3 to 0·4) | 0·86 | −1·6% (−13·7 to 10·5) | 0·80 | ||
| Obstetricians or gynaecologists | 8·9 (8·3) | 9·3 (7·6) | 9·1 (8·0) | 0·0% (−0·1 to 0·1) | 0·82 | 0·4% (−2·4 to 3·3) | 0·78 | ||
| Clinical officers | 30·5 (34·3) | 20·8 (23·0) | 25·6 (29·5) | −0·0%† (−0·2 to 0·1) | 0·61 | −9·5% (−26·6 to 7·4) | 0·30 | ||
| Anaesthetists (doctors) | 10·0 (11·1) | 6·9 (9.8) | 8·5 (10·5) | 0·1% (−0·0 to 0·1) | 0·17 | −3·1% (−9·5 to 3·2) | 0·36 | ||
| Staff members trained as anaesthetists available 24 h | 4·0 (3·3) | 5·7 (4·7) | 4·9 (4·2) | −0·0%† (−0·1 to 0·0) | 0·42 | 1·7% (−1·4 to 4·9) | 0·31 | ||
| Midwives | 67·2 (57·4) | 53·7 (41·6) | 60·4 (50·5) | 0·3% (0·03 to 0·6) | 0·056 | −13·5% (−48·8 to 21·7) | 0·47 | ||
| Nurses with midwifery training | 77·0 (45·9) | 104·6 (86·2) | 90·8 (70·3) | −0·5% (−1·8 to 0·9) | 0·51 | 27·6% (−29.7 to 85·0) | 0·37 | ||
Data are mean (SD) or n (%) unless otherwise stated.
*
Primary level care is defined as the first point of access (eg, district clinic, clinic, or rural health post). Secondary level care is defined as a first referral point (eg, regional hospital). Tertiary level care is defined as the specialty referral centre (eg, national hospital).
†
Negative values between 0·00 and −0·05.
‡
Adult intensive care unit is defined as a separate ward or room offering a higher level of care than the main ward.