Figure 1.

Comparison of the intestinal microbiota structure between the carbon tetrachloride- (CCl₄-) treated and mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) transplanted groups. The cecum and colon contents were collected from C57BL/6 mice at 48 h, 1 w, and 2 w after performing CCl₄ administration. (a) Alpha diversity measures (Shannon and Simpson indices), phylogenetic diversity whole-tree index, and richness indices (Chao1 and observed species). n = 6 per group; mean ± standard deviation (SD); t-test (^∗∗ p < 0.01 vs. CCl₄). (b) Rarefaction curves. (c) Rank abundance curves. (d) Principal coordinates analysis plot based on the UniFrac distance. Principal component analysis at 48 h (e), 1 w (f), and 2 w (g) using STAMP software. Oil: olive oil control; c: CCl₄-treated group; m: MSC-transplanted group. 48 h, 1 w, and 2 w indicate 48 hours, 1 week, and 2 weeks after CCl₄ treatment, respectively.