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. 2019 Feb 19;24:5. doi: 10.1186/s11658-018-0125-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Overexpression of Smad3 neutralized the protective effects of TSG in PA-induced inflammation and apoptosis. Protein expression of Smad3 and p-Smad3 was measured by western blotting (a and b). H9c2 cells transfected with Smad3 overexpressed plasmids and treated with PA (0.4 mM) and TSG (0.4 mM) for 48 h, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry (c and d); RT-qPCR was performed to measure the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 (e). ^* P < 0.05 compared with control group; ^# P < 0.05 compared with PA or PA + TSG group. n = 3 in each group