Table 1.
General characteristics of patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
| Variable | Entire cohort (n = 200) |
|---|---|
| Age (year), mean SD | 66 ± 12 |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 137 (69%) |
| Smoker (current or past), n (%) | 105 (53%) |
| Alcohol abuse (current or past), n (%) | 52 (26%) |
| Comorbid Conditions, n (%) | |
| Chronic heart disease | 76 (38%) |
| Chronic lung disease | 73 (37%) |
| Solid cancer | 55 (28%) |
| Diabetes | 48 (24%) |
| Chronic hepatic disease | 48 (24%) |
| Chronic renal failure | 24 (12%) |
| Severity at ICU admission | |
| APACHE II at ICU admission, mean SD | 15.8 ± 6 |
| SOFA at ICU admission, median [p25-p75] | 6 [4–9] |
| Reason of ICU admission, n (%) | |
| Hypoxemic respiratory failure | 57 (29%) |
| Hypercapnic respiratory failure | 32 (16%) |
| Shock | 28 (14%) |
| Postoperative | 42 (21%) |
| Non-surgical abdominal condition | 15 (7%) |
| Altered mental status | 8 (4%) |
| Multiple trauma | 3 (2%) |
| Other | 15 (7%) |
| Severity Scores at diagnosis | |
| APACHE II Score at HAP, mean SD | 16.3 ± 5 |
| SOFA Score at HAP, median [p25-p75] | 6 [4–9] |
| Features at diagnosis | |
| Temperature, mean SD | 36.6 ± 1 |
| Leukocytes, mean SD | 14,495 ± 7224 |
| PaO2/FiO2, mean SD | 178 ± 79 |
| Bilateral infiltrates, n (%) | 66 (33%) |
| Multilobar infiltrates, n (%) | 109 (55%) |
| Pleural effusion, n (%) | 86 (44%) |
| ARDS at pneumonia diagnosis, n (%) | 27 (14%) |
| Previous use of antibiotic, n (%)* | 151 (76%) |
| Outcomes | |
| ICU length-of-stay, days median [p25-p75] | 13 [7–26] |
| Hospital length-of-stay, days median [p25-p75] | 37 [22–61] |
| ICU mortality, n (%) | 62 (31%) |
ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, SOFA score Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score
*Not necessarily concomitant to sample collection