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. 2019 Feb 19;13:4. doi: 10.1186/s13036-018-0138-z

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Receptor-based inhibitors. a An engineered multivalent ligand inhibits the CT B subunit from interacting with GM1 on the host cell membrane. b A small peptide based on the binding site of the integrin CD11a targeted by LtxA inhibits toxin binding to the receptor. c A peptide inhibitor based on the CRAC motif of LtxA shields cholesterol in the host membrane. d A polyvalent inhibitor blocks LF and EF from interacting with membrane-bound PA