Table 3.
Intervention effects on the neonatal mortality rate for lower and higher socioeconomic groups, per trial and pooled estimates, for the last study year
| Pooled estimates |
Nepal |
India |
Bangladesh |
Malawi |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORa | 95% CI | P- valueb | ORa | 95% CI | P- valueb | ORa | 95% CI | P- valueb | ORa | 95% CI | P- valueb | ORa | 95% CI | P- valueb | |
| Total | 0.51 | (0.42–0.63) | 0.000 | 0.64 | (0.40–1.03) | 0.064 | 0.46 | (0.32–0.65) | 0.000 | 0.45 | (0.31–0.64) | 0.000 | 0.80 | (0.43–1.51) | 0.498 |
| Marginalization | |||||||||||||||
| Less marginalized | 0.65 | (0.50–0.85) | 0.009 | 0.82 | (0.45–1.50) | 0.240 | 0.82 | (0.48–1.41) | 0.010 | 0.49 | (0.32–0.73) | 0.413 | 0.85 | (0.43–1.70) | 0.652 |
| Most marginalized | 0.37 | (0.26–0.52) | 0.45 | (0.20–1.01) | 0.32 | (0.20–0.51) | 0.33 | (0.14–0.76) | 0.67 | (0.25–1.79) | |||||
| Literacy | |||||||||||||||
| Literate | 0.56 | (0.41–0.76) | 0.587 | 0.50 | (0.20–1.27) | 0.551 | 0.71 | (0.33–1.50) | 0.240 | 0.46 | (0.30–0.70) | 0.798 | 0.91 | (0.43–1.94) | 0.547 |
| Illiterate | 0.50 | (0.37–0.66) | 0.70 | (0.40–1.23) | 0.42 | (0.28–0.63) | 0.41 | (0.20–0.84) | 0.66 | (0.27–1.59) | |||||
| Economic status | |||||||||||||||
| Less poor | 0.58 | (0.42–0.80) | 0.360 | 0.91 | (0.47–1.75) | 0.143 | 0.76 | (0.41–1.42) | 0.055 | 0.31 | (0.17–0.57) | 0.120 | 0.75 | (0.30–1.88) | 0.864 |
| Poorest | 0.48 | (0.36–0.62) | 0.44 | (0.22–0.90) | 0.36 | (0.24–0.56) | 0.57 | (0.36–0.90) | 0.83 | (0.39–1.76) | |||||
aThe ratio of the odds of neonatal mortality in the intervention compared with the control areas adjusted for baseline differences. For the Nepal trial, it was not possible to adjust for baseline mortality differences because of the absence of prospectively collected baseline data.
bP-value for the test on difference in OR between lowest and highest socioeconomic groups. For the total population, it gives the P-value for the difference between intervention and control. P-values for heterogeneity test in pooled analysis: marginalization (P = 0.3212), literacy (P = 0.3548), economic status (P = 0.04148). Absolute intervention effects for last study year (per 1000 live births): India, less marginalized −9 (95% CI: −32;15), most marginalized: −55 (95% CI: −78;−30), P-value for difference: 0.012. Nepal, less marginalized −5 (95% CI: −21;11), most marginalized −21 (95% CI: −42;0), P-value for difference: 0.212. Bangladesh, less marginalized −17 (95% CI: −27;−6), most marginalized −31 (95% CI: −53;−7), P-value for difference: 0.272. Malawi, less marginalized −3 (95% CI: −11;6), most marginalized −10 (95% CI: −29;11), P-value for difference: 0.542.