Table 2.
Associations between timing of BMI peak-rebound patterns and cardiometabolic outcomes at early adolescence
| β (95% CI)a |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fat-mass index (kg/m2)b | Trunk fat-mass index (kg/m2)b | Log HOMA-IR (units)b | Metabolic risk score (units)c | ||
| Early peak | Early rebound (n = 194) | 1.2 (0.5, 1.8) | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9) | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.1) | 0.2 (−0.02, 0.4) |
| Normal rebound (n = 118) | −0.4 (−1.1, 0.2) | −0.2 (−0.5, 0.1) | 0.0 (−0.2, 0.2) | 0.0 (−0.2, 0.2) | |
| Late rebound (n = 154) | −1.1 (−1.7, −0.5) | −0.4 (−0.7, −0.1) | −0.3 (−0.4, −0.1) | −0.2 (−0.4, 0.0) | |
| Normal peak | Early rebound (n = 118) | 2.2 (1.6, 2.9) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 0.2 (0.04, 0.4) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.5) |
| Normal rebound (n = 470) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Late rebound (n = 177) | −0.8 (−1.4, −0.2) | −0.3 (−0.6, 0.0) | −0.2 (−0.3, 0.01) | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.0) | |
| Late peak | Early rebound (n = 81) | 2.0 (1.2, 2.8) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.3) | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.1) | 0.2 (−0.1, 0.4) |
| Normal rebound (n = 221) | 0.5 (−0.2, 1.1) | 0.3 (−0.1, 0.6) | 0.1 (−0.1, 0.3) | 0.2 (0.0, 0.4) | |
| Late rebound (n = 68) | −0.5 (−1.3, 0.3) | −0.2 (−0.6, 0.2) | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.2) | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.1) | |
aEffect estimates and 95% confidence intervals are relative to children with normal timing of both peak and rebound.
bAdjusted for parental university education, parental obesity status, maternal total gestational weight gain, smoking history, glucose tolerance status, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, child sex, race/ethnicity, gestational age at delivery, birthweight for gestational age z-scores, breastfeeding initiation, magnitude at BMI peak and child age at outcome measurement.
cAdjusted for parental university education, parental obesity status, maternal total gestational weight gain, smoking history, glucose tolerance status, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, child race/ethnicity, gestational age at delivery, birthweight for gestational age z-scores, breastfeeding initiation, magnitude at BMI peak and child age at outcome measurement.