Table 2.
Adjusted and unadjusted differences in physical function, quality of life, depression, and cognition in patients ≥60 years hospitalized with ADHF by heart failure phenotype
| Unadjusted Analysis | Adjusted Analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HFrEF (n=106) |
HFpEF (n=96) |
P-value | HFrEF (n=106) |
HFpEF (n=96) |
Group Difference (95% CI) |
P-value | |
| SPPB Total Score | 6.4 ± 2.5 | 5.6 ± 2.4 | 0.044 | 6.2 ± 0.2 | 5.9 ± 0.3 | 0.3 (−0.5 to 1.0) | 0.46 |
| Balance Score | 2.8 ± 1.3 | 2.6 ± 1.3 | 0.29 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 0.0 (−0.4 to 0.4) | 0.84 |
| 4-meter Walk Score | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 0.005 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.4) | 0.33 |
| Chair Stand Score | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | 0.33 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.4) | 0.42 |
| 6-Minute Walk Distance (m) | 200 ± 95 | 167 ± 103 | 0.021 | 186 ± 9 | 184 ± 10 | 2 (−25 to 30) | 0.88 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 0.64 ± 0.23 | 0.57 ± 0.21 | 0.031 | 0.61 ± 0.02 | 0.60 ± 0.02 | 0.01 (−0.05 to 0.08) | 0.60 |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | |||||||
| Men | 28.5 ± 10.9 | 26.7 ± 7.1 | 0.36 | 27.7 ± 1.3 | 27.8 ± 1.6 | −0.1 (−4.5 to 4.3) | 0.96 |
| Women | 18.5 ± 5.6 | 19.0 ± 8.0 | 0.74 | 18.5 ± 1.0 | 19.0 ± 1.0 | −0.5 (−3.4 to 2.4) | 0.73 |
| Frailty Phenotype | |||||||
| Frail (≥ 3 of 5 domains met) | 51 (48%) | 56 (58%) | 0.15 | 52% (42 to 62%) | 55% (44 to 65%) | −3% (−19 to 13%) | 0.70 |
| Disease-Specific Quality of Life | |||||||
| KCCQ Overall Score | 46 ± 21 | 35 ± 19 | <0.001 | 44 ± 2 | 37 ± 2 | 7 (1 to 13) | 0.030 |
| KCCQ Physical Limitation Score | 53 ± 23 | 41 ± 23 | <0.001 | 52 ± 2 | 42 ± 2 | 10 (3 to 16) | 0.007 |
| Non-Specific Quality of Life | |||||||
| Short Form-12 PCS | 29 ± 9 | 26 ± 8 | 0.023 | 28 ± 1 | 27 ± 1 | 1 (−1 to 4) | 0.28 |
| Short Form-12 MCS | 47 ± 14.2 | 41 ± 14 | 0.003 | 47 ± 2 | 41 ± 2 | 6 (2 to 10) | 0.007 |
| EQ-5D-5L Components | |||||||
| Walking | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | <0.001 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.0) | 0.09 |
| Self-Care | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | <0.001 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | −0.4 (−0.7 to −0.2) | 0.002 |
| Usual Activities | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 0.030 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.2) | 0.32 |
| Pain/Discomfort | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 0.31 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 0.0 (−0.3 to 0.3) | 0.94 |
| Depression/Anxiety | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 0.025 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1) | 0.10 |
| Visual Analog Scale (0–100) | 61 ± 22 | 53 ± 22 | 0.009 | 61 ± 2 | 54 ± 2 | 7 (0 to 14) | 0.05 |
| Depression | |||||||
| Geriatric Depression Scale Score* | 4.2 ± 3.3 | 5.5 ± 3.5 | 0.007 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | −1.0 (−2.1 to 0.0) | 0.046 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale ≥5* | 43 (41%) | 50 (52%) | 0.10 | 42% (33 to 52%) | 50% (40 to 60%) | −8% (−23 to 7%) | 0.30 |
| Cognitive Function | |||||||
| MoCA Score | 21.3 ± 4.9 | 22.2 ± 4.0 | 0.19 | 21.5 ± 0.5 | 21.9 ± 0.5 | −0.4 (−1.8 to 0.9) | 0.53 |
| MoCA Score <26 | 86 (81%) | 72 (75%) | 0.29 | 81% (72 to 88%) | 77% (67 to 85%) | 4% (−9 to 16%) | 0.56 |
Unadjusted values shown as mean ± standard deviation or frequency (%). Adjusted values shown as LSmean ± standard error or percent (95% CI), adjusted for sex, race, and BMI and total number of comorbidities. For KCCQ, SF-12 and Visual Analog Scale, higher score indicates better health status; for EQ-5D components higher score indicates worse health status
*
Adjusted for sex, race, and BMI only
Abbreviations: KCCQ – Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, PCS – physical composite score, MCS – mental composite score, EQ-5D-5L – EuroQol, MoCA – Montreal Cognitive Assessment