Table 4. Reasons for prescriptions of medicines not listed in the NF in relation to individual stakeholders.

Reasons	Causes
Patients ask for non-NF medicines.	1. Patients do not know about the existence of NF medicines; 2. Patients perceive that NF medicines are low quality; 3. Patients are able to pay for non-NF medicines; 4. Patients prefer single combination medicine rather than taking separate medicines. 5. A lack of dissemination of NF to the healthcare facilities
Prescribers perceive no incentive to prescribe NF medicine.	Physicians have spent a significant amount of money and time on their training and expect to profit from working with the pharmaceutical industry.
Prescribers lack of confidence in the development of the NF.	1. The selection of medicines for inclusion in the e-Catalogue and the NF is not transparent and is not based on evidences; 2. Only a limited number of physicians are involved in the selection of medicines fo the e-Catalogue and the NF, thus does not represent all physicians.
Physicians do not know about the existence of the NF.	1. A lack of promotion of the NF, especially for new and resident physicians; 2. The habit of physicians to prescribe without references.
No sanction for physicians who prescribe non-NF medicines.	No system in place to check and fine.