Table 1.

Screening failure cases

		Date		Cytology					HPV test
Case	Age at enrollment	Cancer diagnosis	Study screening visit	Conventional	Conventional automatized reading	Liquid-based	Cervigram	Visual inspection Naked-eye	HCT	MY09/11 PCR test
1	81	August 2001	July 93	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative
			August 94	Reactive changes	Negative	Negative	Probably normal	Negative	ND	Negative
2	48	November 99	July 93	Reactive changes	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative
			October 99	Reactive changes	ND	Negative	Negative	Negative	ND	Negative
3	52	April 2009	September 93	Reactive changes	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative
			September 98	Reactive changes	ND	Negative	Negative	Negative	ND	Negative
4	68	October 2002	December 93	Negative	Negative	Reactive changes	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative
			July 01	Reactive changes	ND	Negative	Negative	Negative	ND	Negative
5	35	July 1995	October 93	Negative	Negative	Reactive changes	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative
6	78	October 2004	October 93	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative
7	75	October 2009	April 94	ND	ND	ND	Atypical	Negative	ND	ND
8	45	July 2000	January 94	Reactive changes	NA	HSIL	ND	Negative	Negative	HPV 31, 70
9	21	April 2010	October 93	Inadequate	negative	ASCUS	Atypical	Negative	Negative	Negative
			May 95	Reactive changes	negative	ASCUS	Negative	Negative	ND	HPV16, 18, 31, 51, 52, 53, 58, 59, 66, 81
			October 96	Reactive changes	ND	ASCUS	Negative	Negative	ND	Negative
			November 97	Reactive changes	ND	LSIL	LSIL	Negative	ND	HPV 59
			July 98	Reactive changes	ND	Negative	LSIL	Negative	ND	Negative
			May 99	ASCUS	ND	Negative	Negative	Negative	ND	Negative
			February 2000	Reactive changes	ND	Negative	LSIL	Negative	ND	HPV 59
			April 2000	Reactive changes	ND	Negative	Negative	Negative	ND	Negative
			October 2000	Reactive changes	ND	Negative	LSIL	Negative	ND	HPV 59

Somewhat arbitrarily, we grouped these three cases as a screening step failure. Case 7, refused pelvic sample collection at enrollment and was diagnosed with ICC several years later. Case 8 was referred to colposcopy at enrollment but refused to attend the colposcopy clinic and had an ICC diagnosed 6 years later. Case 9 was 21 years old at enrollment, attended multiple screening visits and all her screening results were below the colposcopy referral threshold; therefore, she was never referred for colposcopic evaluation. Ten years after study completion, she was diagnosed with a microinvasive cervical cancer.