Table 3.
Hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) of ESRD according to sleep duration, stratified by baseline comorbidities (hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease, and diabetes), BMI, gender, follow-up years (10 years)
| Daily sleep duration |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 5 hours | 6 hours | 7 hours | 8 hours | ≥ 9 hours | |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Any of four diseases | |||||
| Cases/person-years | 118/32,403 | 161/68,373 | 239/91,010 | 243/79,438 | 81/22,256 |
| HR (95% CI) a | 1.39 (1.11–1.73) | 0.90 (0.74–1.10) | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.97–1.38) | 1.24 (0.96–1.60) |
| None of four diseases | |||||
| Cases/person-years | 34/65,093 | 73/179,333 | 86/263,720 | 85/213,438 | 23/46,084 |
| HR (95% CI) a | 1.46 (0.98–2.18) | 1.20 (0.88–1.64) | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.91–1.63) | 1.40 (0.88–2.22) |
| P for interaction | 0.58 | 0.09 | 0.76 | 0.47 | |
| Body mass index (BMI) | |||||
| BMI < 25 kg/m2 | |||||
| Cases/person-years | 107/75,850 | 146/191,639 | 218/277,434 | 229/226,983 | 67/52,036 |
| HR (95% CI) a | 1.53 (1.21–1.94) | 0.94 (0.76–1.15) | 1.00 | 1.25 (1.04–1.50) | 1.34 (1.02–1.76) |
| BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | |||||
| Cases/person-years | 45/21,647 | 88/56,067 | 107/77,297 | 99/65,893 | 37/16,304 |
| HR (95% CI) a | 1.19 (0.84–1.68) | 1.12 (0.85–1.48) | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.81–1.37) | 1.18 (0.81–1.72) |
| P for interaction | 0.35 | 0.29 | 0.35 | 0.52 | |
| Gender | |||||
| Men | |||||
| Cases/person-years | 56/34,927 | 107/103,997 | 145/149,998 | 155/129,849 | 49/28,307 |
| HR (95% CI) a | 1.39 (1.02–1.91) | 1.04 (0.81–1.33) | 1.00 | 1.22 (0.97–1.53) | 1.36 (0.98–1.89) |
| Women | |||||
| Cases/person-years | 96/62,570 | 127/143,708 | 180/204,733 | 173/163,027 | 55/40,033 |
| HR (95% CI) a | 1.45 (1.13–1.87) | 0.96 (0.77–1.21) | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.95–1.45) | 1.24 (0.92–1.68) |
| P for interaction | 0.79 | 0.66 | 0.82 | 0.73 | |
| Follow-up time | |||||
| ≤ 10 years | |||||
| Cases/person-years | 63/5,308 | 83/9,979 | 125/12,477 | 123/11,560 | 39/4,473 |
| HR (95% CI) a | 1.26 (0.93–1.72) | 0.94 (0.71–1.25) | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.81–1.34) | 0.93 (0.64–1.33) |
| > 10 years | |||||
| Cases/person-years | 89/92,189 | 151/237,726 | 200/342,254 | 205/281,317 | 65/63,867 |
| HR (95% CI) a | 1.45 (1.13–1.87) | 1.05 (0.85–1.30) | 1.00 | 1.23 (1.01–1.50) | 1.41 (1.06–1.86) |
| P for interaction | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.12 | 0.003 | |
Hazard ratios were adjusted for age at recruitment (years), gender, dialect (Cantonese, Hokkien), education level (no formal education, primary school, ≥ secondary school), year of interview (1993–1995, 1996–1998), body mass index (kg/m2), physical activity (any weekly moderate activity, vigorous activity or strenuous sports lasting at least 30 minutes: yes or no), smoking status (never-, ever-smokers), alcohol use (none, monthly, weekly, daily), total energy intake (kcal/day), total protein intake (g/day, quartiles), red meat consumption (g/day, quartiles) and coffee consumption (none to < 1 cup/day, 1 cup/day, ≥ 2 cups/day), weekly ginseng intake (yes or no), weekly medicinal soup intake (yes or no), incense use (current users, non-current users), self-reported history of physician-diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease and stroke (yes or no) except the stratified factors.