Table 2.
Summary of the epidemiologic literature on PFAS exposures and metabolic outcomes.a
| Outcome | # of total studies | # of studies by results | Other PFASs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PFOA | PFNA | PFHxS | PFOS | |||
| Lipid profileb | 39 | 21/10/1c | 8/1/2 | 4/4/2 | 20/9/3 | Inconsistent results for PFDA, PFUnDA, PFTeDA |
| Insulin resistance and Diabetes |
18 | 6/9/1 | 3/5/0 | 1/2/1 | 7/4/1 | Mostly null for PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, N-EtFOSAA, N- MeFOSAA; One positive finding for PFDoDA and insulin resistance |
| Hypertension, vascular disease and stroke | 10 | 3/5/1 | 3/0/1 | 0/3/1 | 1/3/1 | Only one study reported null for PFDA and PFUnDA |
| Thyroid disease |
8 | 4/3/0 | 1/2/0 | 1/2/0 | 1/3/0 | Positive finding for PFDA and PFUnDA in two studies. Null for PFTrDA |
| Cardiovascular disease | 6 | 1/4/1 | 1/0/0 | 0/1/0 | 0/1/0 | No other PFASs have been investigated |
| Uric acid | 5 | 4/0/0 | 0/0/0 | 0/1/0 | 2/2/0 | No other PFASs have been investigated |
| Overweight and obese | 4 | 1/3/0 | 1/1/0 | 1/1/0 | 3/1/0 | Positive finding for PFDA in only one study (Liu et al.135) |
a
Details of the studies examined are provided in the Supporting Information Table S1.
b
Lipid profile includes low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol, and triglycerides.
c
Number of studies with adverse/null/protective results