Table 1.

Components of the self-efficacy scale

Item	Question
1	“I will be able to achieve most of the goals that I have set for myself.”
2	“When facing difficult tasks, I am certain that I will accomplish them.”
3	“In general, I think that I can obtain outcomes that are important to me.”
4	“I believe I can succeed at most any endeavor to which I set my mind.”
5	“I will be able to successfully overcome many challenges.”
6	“I am confident that I can perform effectively on many different tasks.”
7	“Compared to other people, I can do most tasks very well.”
8	“Even when things are tough, I can perform quite well.”