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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2018 Oct 10;85(6):443–453. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.09.031

Figure 2. Estimated Effect Sizes of Hippocampal and mPFC Volume Reductions in MDD.

Figure 2.

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) includes ventral portions of the mPFC (ventral medial prefrontal cortex; vmPFC, medial orbitofrontal cortex; mOFC) and dorsal portions of the mPFC (dorsal medial prefrontal cortex; dmPFC) as well as rostral anterior cingulate cortex; rACC and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; dACC). In this figure, we provide a range, mean (standard deviation) of effect sizes calculated from individual studies for each of the mPFC subdivisions. We also provide a range, mean (standard deviation) of effect sizes for reduced hippocampal volumes in MDD calculated from three prior meta-analyses. Negative effect size values indicate that those with MDD have reduced mPFC and hippocampal volumes compared to healthy controls.