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. 2019 Feb 19;10:840. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08795-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Environmental features influence grid cell activity. a Example of the activity of one grid cell linearized according to the path integrated distance model, in both light and dark conditions. Top row: firing rate; middle row: autocorrelation; bottom row: Toeplitz matrix. Note that the regularity is altered in darkness. b Average spatial correlation (±SEM) between the rate plots from all grid cells recorded in the two light sessions (light vs light) and in light vs dark sessions. Data from individual cells are shown in grey. ***p < 0.001, paired t-test. c Left: Diagram showing the two regions of the track in which the cue is visible (yellow) or not (grey). Note that an ambiguous zone (white) was excluded from the analysis, so that the areas of the visible-cue and non-visible-cue region are equivalent. Right: Correlation (±SD) between the integrated distance firing activity in the visible-cue and non-visible-cue region of the track. Data from individual cells are shown in grey. ***p < 0.001 paired t-test. d Ratio (±SEM) between grid cell field distance in the arena and the track; the distance in the track is calculated based on the path integrated distance model. Dashed line indicates a ratio of 1 (i.e. same field distance in the two environments). ^§§§p < 0.001, repeated measure ANOVA. Note that grid cell field distance is unchanged between large and small arenas, whereas it significantly increases in the large track compared to all other environments