Fig. 3.

CAPE protects cells from oxidative stress. HSC-2, MC3T3-E1 cells and gingival fibroblasts were incubated with 1% H₂O₂ for 3 h with and without CAPE and the HO1 inhibitor SnPP. The MTT conversion assay showed that the presence of CAPE reduced the lethal effect of H₂O₂. Co-stimulation with SnPP reversed the rescue effects of CAPE (a), n = 3. The results were confirmed by phase contrast microscopy and trypan blue staining. Blue-stained cells represent dead cells (b), n = 3. Induction of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) after CAPE stimulation was evaluated in murine macrophages (c), n = 3. The data represent the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 in the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons correction and the two-tailed Mann-Whitney test