Fig. 4.

CAPE exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Cells were stimulated with 5% sterile filtered saliva and co-stimulated with CAPE and CAPE together with SnPP. IL-1α and IL-1β gene expression was assessed in both murine macrophages (a) and RAW264.7 cells (b), n = 3. The immunoassay for IL-1α confirmed the results at the protein level in RAW264.7 cells (c), n = 3. The data represent the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 in the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons correction. Immunofluorescence confirmed translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus upon stimulation with saliva and its inhibition by CAPE (d)