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. 2019 Feb 19;9:2297. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38832-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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An example of the full subject group response of aqueous metabolites or lipids that demonstrate a significant trend with increasing altitude, identified using Bayesian hierarchical modelling. Example plots of lactate (A) and isoleucine (B), with corresponding ¹H-NMR regions, phosphocholine (PC) 46 carbons: 2 double bonds (46:2) (C) identified in negative ion mode and sphingomyelin (SM) 34:1 (D) identified in positive mode. Representative regression lines in blue have been drawn from the fitted distribution. This group distribution (all units) was informed from the most likely distribution at the level of the individual. Y axes metabolite units are arbitrary units, derived from the spectral intensity changing per km altitude.