Table 1.

Significant disease-related differences in the AF of specific frequency bands between the LBLP patients and HCs (two-tailed, voxel-level P < 0.01, GRF correction, cluster-level P < 0.05).

Brain regions	BA	Peak T-scores	MNI coordinates			Cluster size (voxels)
			x	y	z
Altered AF in the slow-6 (0–0.01 Hz) band (LBLP vs. HC)
Right middle and inferior temporal gyri (MTG/ITG)	20,21	6.949	54	−09	−27	151
Left MTG/ITG	20,21	5.026	−60	−15	−27	107
Bilateral brainstem/caudate/thalami/anterior cingulate cortex	25,47	−7.042	0	−3	−18	530
Bilateral precuneus	7,31	−4.187	3	−48	36	133
Altered AF in the slow-5 (0.01–0.027 Hz) band (LBLP vs. HC)
Right cerebellum posterior lobe and brainstem		5.218	18	−48	−51	288
Left MTG/ITG	20,21	5.080	−63	−12	−24	165
Right MTG/ITG	20,21	6.333	57	−12	−24	125
Bilateral caudate/anterior cingulate cortex		−6.499	0	−13	−18	397
Bilateral precuneus	7,31	−4.315	0	−51	33	122
Altered AF in the slow-4 (0.027–0.073 Hz) band (LBLP vs. HC)
Right cerebellum posterior lobe and brainstem		6.333	3	−36	−57	376
Right MTG/ITG	20,21	10.256	54	−12	−27	150
Left MTG/ITG	20,21	5.992	−51	−15	−27	189
Bilateral brainstem/caudate/thalami		−5.405	0	−3	−18	266
Right temporal–occipital junction (TOJ)	19,37,21	5.028	69	−45	−6	109
Right anterior insula/frontal operculum (aINS/fO)	13,47	5.238	54	21	0	175
Bilateral precuneus	7,31	−4.465	0	−45	45	142
Left inferior parietal lobule/postcentral gyrus (IPL/PoCG)	40,7	−4.777	−48	−51	36	375
Altered AF in the slow-3 (0.073–0.167 Hz) band (LBLP vs. HC)
Right cerebellum posterior lobe and brainstem		5.985	21	−45	−57	796
Left MTG/ITG	20,21	6.263	−60	−6	−30	182
Right MTG/ITG	20,21	7.546	54	−12	−27	159
Bilateral rectal gyrus	11,25,47	6.699	6	15	−24	289
Bilateral caudate/thalami		−5.366	−6	−3	0	98
Right aINS/fO	13,47	5.750	36	12	−15	219
Left superior frontal gyrus	10	−5.085	−12	60	27	97
Bilateral precuneus/left IPL	40,7	−4.557	36	−57	48	285
Left IPL/PoCG	40,7,6,3	−4.234	−48	−51	36	200
Altered AF in the slow-2 (0.167–0.25 Hz) band (LBLP vs. HC)
Right cerebellum posterior lobe and brainstem		6.171	21	−45	−57	408
Left MTG/ITG	20,21	6.750	−63	−12	−27	153
Right aINS/fO	47	6.357	−9	12	−24	327
Right MTG/ITG	20,21	7.019	54	−12	−27	154
Left superior frontal gyrus	10	−5.013	−27	48	33	162
Right superior frontal gyrus	10	−4.806	9	63	24	105

Note: AF = Amplitude of fluctuations; BA = Brodmann area; LBLP = low back and leg pain; MNI = Montreal Neurological Institute.