Table 1.
Clinical and postmortem brain cohort characteristics.
| Characteristic | Clinical Cohorts | Postmortem brain cohort | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Control | 2. Recent onset | 3. TRS | Omnibus | 1 vs 2 | 1 vs 3 | 2 vs 3 | Control | Schizophrenia | Omnibus | |
| n = 88 | n = 30 | n = 63 | p | p | p | p | n = 38 | n = 38 | p | |
| Age, mean (sd) years | 35 (12) | 21 (2) | 40 (10) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 52 (15) | 52 (14) | 0.824 |
| Sex, % (n) female | 35 (31) | 24 (7) | 22 (14) | 0.207 | — | — | — | 26 (10) | 34 (13) | 0.618 |
| Ethnicity, % (n) Caucasian | 83 (73) | 77 (23) | 87 (53) | 0.084 | — | — | — | 97 (37) | 97 (37) | 1 |
| Current Smoker, % (n) | 28 (19) | 26 (18) | 46 (32) | <0.001 | 0.880 | 0.016 | 0.061 | 24 (9) | 61 (23) | 0.002 |
| Current alcohol user, % (n) | 93 (82) | 67 (20) | 92 (58) | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.516 | 0.003 | 47 (18) | 53 (20) | 0.646 |
| Current cannabis user, % (n) | 13 (11) | 41 (12) | 19 (12) | 0.005 | <0.001 | 0.246 | 0.024 | — | — | |
| Age of onset, mean (sd) years | — | 19 (2) | 22 (6) | 0.001 | — | — | — | — | 24 (7) | — |
| Duration of illness, mean (sd) years | — | 1 (1) | 17 (8) | <0.001 | — | — | — | — | 28 (14) | — |
| SANS Total, mean (sd) | — | 24 (13) | 41 (17) | <0.001 | ||||||
| General psychopathology (PANSS Total), mean (sd) | — | 57 (16) | 62 (14) | 0.206 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Positive symptoms (PANSS subset), mean (sd) | 6 (3) | 9 (6) | <0.001 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CPZ equivalents, mean (sd) dose | — | 338 (312) | 953 (439) | <0.001 | — | — | — | — | 677 (506) | — |
| Clozapine plasma, mean (sd) µg/L | — | — | 417 (240) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| pH, mean (sd) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6.7 (0.3) | 6.6 (0.3) | 0.366 |
| PMI, mean (sd) hours | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 26 (12) | 282 (14) | 0.705 |
| Hemisphere, % (n) left | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 34 (13) | 53 (20) | 0.165 |
CPZ, chlorpromazine; PANNS, positive and negative syndrome scale; PMI, post-mortem interval; SANS, scale for the assessment of negative symptoms; TRS, treatment-resistant schizophrenia.