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. 2019 Feb 19;10:651. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08555-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Rapamycin and 4,4′-dimethoxychalcone follow independent routes of cytoprotection. a–c Cell death assessed by PI staining and flow cytometry normalised to WT Ctrl. (a) and autophagy induction indicated by the free GFP to GAPDH ratio normalised to WT Ctrl. b, c of S. cerevisiae wildtype and GLN3-deficient mutant strains after treatment with 40 nM rapamycin (Rapa) at day 3 of chronological ageing. Comparisons in (a, b) by two-way ANOVA (T, treatment; S, strain; TxS, interaction) followed by Bonferroni-corrected simple main effects. *P < 0.0483, **P < 0.0055, ***P < 0.001, n = 4 (a), 5 (b) independent biological replicates. (d) Rps6 S232/S233 phosphorylation of S. cerevisiae wild-type cells after 6 h of DMC (100 µM) or 40 nM rapamycin (Rapa) treatment as determined by immunoblotting. Comparisons by ANOVA/Bonferroni. ***P < 0.001, n = 3 independent biological replicates. Box plots represent IQR (line at median) and whiskers 10–90 percentile. Source data for (a, b, d) are provided as a Source Data file