Table 1.
Whole-brain analyses during anticipation and stimulation periods
| Area | Side | Anticipation |
Stimulation |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H |
NL |
NM |
NH |
NL < NM < NH |
||||||||||||
| x/y/z | t | Cluster no. | x/y/z | t | Cluster no. | x/y/z | t | Cluster no. | x/y/z | t | Cluster no. | x/y/z | t | Cluster no. | ||
| SII | R | — | — | — | 40/−14/18 | 7.53 | 1 (2259) | 40/−14/20 | 9.27 | 1 (5350) | 52/−12/16 | 9.60 | 1 (6712) | 40/−16/18 | 6.32 | 1 (727) |
| L | — | — | — | −40/−8/14 | 6.34 | 2 (540) | −38/−18/18 | 9.29 | 2 (3558) | −60/−20/20 | 8.70 | 2 (5782) | −44/−16/20 | 6.36 | 2 (128) | |
| SI | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 62/−8/16 | 9.00 | 1 | 42/−18/46 | 5.66 | 3 (255) |
| L | — | — | — | −58/−18/22 | 7.72 | 3 (444) | −60/−18/22 | 8.64 | 2 | −58/−18/22 | 8.32 | 2 | ||||
| aIC | R | — | — | — | 30/14/−18 | 6.22 | 1 | 30/24/−4 | 7.35 | 1 | 38/16/2 | 8.62 | 1 | |||
| L | — | — | — | −36/4/−12 | 6.81 | 2 | −34/16/2 | 7.29 | 2 | −36/22/0 | 10.38 | 2 | ||||
| pIC | R | — | — | — | 40/−2/−10 | 7.29 | 1 | 44/−14/12 | 8.47 | 1 | 40/−10/16 | 12.47 | 1 | 42/−14/−2 | 6.31 | 1 |
| L | — | — | — | −34/−14/18 | 7.53 | 2 | −40/−10/8 | 7.90 | 2 | −38/−18/16 | 9.65 | 2 | ||||
| ACC | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2/36/12 | 7.39 | 3 (2266) | |||
| L | — | — | — | — | — | — | −12/32/26 | 4.76 | 3 (1510) | −8/26/26 | 5.51 | 3 | ||||
| MCC | R | 8/8/38 | 6.66 | 1 (143) | — | — | — | 12/20/44 | 6.40 | 3 | 6/−22/30 | 7.09 | 4 (405) | |||
| L | — | — | — | −8/16/42 | 4.40 | 4 (323) | −12/24/34 | 4.52 | 3 | −4/−14/32 | 5.09 | 4 | ||||
| PCC | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8/−36/26 | 6.29 | 4 (313) | 8/−38/26 | 4.44 | 4 | |||
| L | — | — | — | — | — | — | −4/−38/24 | 4.13 | 4 | — | — | — | ||||
| Thalamus | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14/−14/6 | 5.50 | 5 (277) | |||
| L | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | −10/−18/6 | 5.74 | 6 (358) | ||||
| SFG | R | 14/−4/72 | 5.56 | 2 (722) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| L | — | — | — | — | — | — | −26/0/50 | 6.87 | 3 | −22/4/50 | 5.49 | 7 (221) | ||||
| MFG | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | 38/14/38 | 5.03 | 3 | 46/32/22 | 4.25 | 8 (318) | |||
| L | — | — | — | — | — | — | −36/4/58 | 4.26 | 3 | −42/40/24 | 4.19 | 2 | ||||
| IFG | R | 56/8/10 | 5.12 | 3 (199) | — | — | — | 34/18/26 | 5.99 | 1 | 40/14/26 | 5.28 | 8 | |||
| L | — | — | — | — | — | — | −42/10/28 | 7.42 | 2 | −32/30/0 | 10.51 | 2 | ||||
| SMA | R | 8/−6/56 | 5.89 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0/10/60 | 6.29 | 3 | |||
| L | −6/−8/66 | 5.50 | 2 | −10/16/48 | 6.62 | 4 | −6/12/54 | 8.64 | 3 | −6/16/48 | 8.26 | 3 | ||||
| PMA | R | 40/−6/62 | 5.13 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| L | 62/8/24 | 4.74 | 3 | — | — | — | −32/−4/50 | 6.02 | 3 | −34/−4/50 | 6.78 | 7 | ||||
| PPC | R | — | — | — | 64/−18/26 | 7.24 | 1 | 52/−34/28 | 3.66 | 1 | 50/−32/26 | 5.47 | 1 | |||
| L | — | — | — | −60/−30/40 | 4.64 | 3 | −34/−56/36 | 5.32 | 5 (160) | −56/−40/38 | 4.06 | 2 | ||||
| Precuneus | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | 16/−60/24 | 6.43 | 6 (2089) | 14/−62/22 | 7.03 | 9 (2040) | |||
| L | — | — | — | — | — | — | −14/−64/34 | 7.30 | 6 | −8/−64/44 | 5.25 | 10 (303) | ||||
| STG | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | 42/−22/0 | 7.44 | 1 | 50/−24/10 | 4.69 | 1 | |||
| L | — | — | — | — | — | — | −42/−14/−4 | 6.73 | 2 | −40/−6/−8 | 11.64 | 2 | ||||
| VC | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6/−72/8 | 5.04 | 6 | 10/−88/18 | 5.86 | 9 | |||
| L | — | — | — | — | — | — | −12/−72/2 | 5.88 | 6 | −14/−64/26 | 7.05 | 10 | ||||
| PHG | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 24/−40/−4 | 5.68 | 9 | |||
| L | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | −18/−40/−4 | 4.58 | 6 | ||||
| Cerebellum | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | 32/−76/−50 | 5.29 | 7 (311) | 0/−66/−26 | 5.32 | 11 (394) | 2/−52/−36 | 4.64 | 4 (215) |
| L | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | −12/−66/−34 | 6.19 | 11 | −4/−64/−34 | 5.32 | 4 | |
Shown are activated brain areas of whole-brain analyses using SnPM (familywise error correction at a cluster-level of p < 0.05) during the anticipation of high pain stimulation (contrast “H”) and during the stimulation period (contrasts “NL,” “NM,” “NH,” and “NL < NM < NH”). Activated clusters (with sizes in voxels in parentheses) are numbered and activation foci corresponding to different anatomical regions within the clusters are given as MNI coordinates (in millimeters). ACC, Anterior cingulate cortex; aIC, anterior insular cortex; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; L, left; MCC, middle cingulate cortex; MFG, middle frontal gyrus; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; PHG, parahippocampal gyrus; pIC, posterior insular cortex; PMA, premotor area; PPC, posterior parietal cortex; R, right; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; SI, primary somatosensory cortex; SII, secondary somatosensory cortex; SMA, supplementary motor area; STG, superior temporal gyrus; VC, visual cortex.