Microglial depletion with CSF1R antagonist prevented mechanical allodynia during RSD. Male C57BL/6 mice were provided ad libitum diets of PLX5622 (PLX, 1200 ppm chow) or vehicle (Veh) chow for 14 d and then exposed to RSD (Stress) or left undisturbed as controls (Con). Fourteen hours after the last day of stress, samples (blood, spleen, spinal cord) were collected for cell or mRNA analyses. A, Spleen weight was determined. B, Percentage of Ly6Chi monocytes in circulation. In a separate experiment, mRNA levels of (C) CXCR2, (D) TNF-α, (E) IL-1β, (F) CCR2, and (G) TLR4 were determined in the lumbar spinal cord. Mice were tested for mechanical allodynia before RSD exposure and 12 h after the first, third, and sixth day of stress. H, Withdrawal threshold of mechanical stimulation to the hindpaw using the von Frey behavior test. Error bars indicate mean ± SEM. *Significantly different from control mice (p < 0.05; F-protected after analysis). Significantly different from control mice (p < 0.1; F-protected after analysis).