Figure 1.

Steps of VAL-MAP. The lung “map” was designed using radiology workstations and virtual bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopic dye injection was conducted within 3 days before surgery under fluoroscopic guidance to confirm the location of the metal-tip injection catheter (black arrow). After mapping, CT scan was taken within a few hours–days after VAL-MAP to visualize actual locations of markings (arrowhead). Using a radiology workstation, 3D images were further reconstructed, reflecting actual locations of markings. The operation was conducted using the 3D image for guidance. The white arrows indicate dye marks. The figure is reproduced with permission from reference (1). VAL-MAP, virtual-assisted lung mapping; CT, computed tomography.